Clinical approach to conditions of the male

Cheryl Lopate

doi:10.22233/9781905319541.20

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 191 (2010); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781905319541.20

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Clinical approach to conditions of the male

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Author: Cheryl Lopate
From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Reproduction and Neonatology
Item: Chapter 20, pp 191 - 211
DOI: 10.22233/9781905319541.20
Copyright: © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: January 2010

Abstract

There are numerous conditions of the dog and tom cat that may present without infertility. These animals may have changes in behaviour, external appearance, comfort, or in normal urination and defecation patterns. This chapter considers diseases and disorders of the scrotum; diseases and disorders of the penis and prepuce; diseases and disorders of the prostate gland; genetic and chromosomal disorders; behavioural disorders.

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Figures

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20.2

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20.2 Scrotum of a dog infected with Blastomyces dermatitidis. Note the enlarged testicle, epididymis and spermatic cord on the right side.

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20.3

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20.3 Testicular abscess. Note the multiple hypoechoic areas of fluid accumulation within the testicular parenchyma.

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20.4

Cross-section of a testis showing testicular seminonas. Note the multiple small, white–tan smooth or slightly lobulated masses within the parenchyma of the testis. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.4 Cross-section of a testis showing testicular seminonas. Note the multiple small, white–tan smooth or slightly lobulated masses within the parenchyma of the testis.

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20.5

(a) Ultrasonogram showing a well delineated testicular mass in the caudal portion of the testis. (b) Ultrasonogram showing a very large testicular mass, encompassing most of the testicular area and pushing the normal parenchyma to the cranial margin. The mass is of irregular echogenicity, probably as a result of its large size and poor blood flow. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.5 (a) Ultrasonogram showing a well delineated testicular mass in the caudal portion of the testis. (b) Ultrasonogram showing a very large testicular mass, encompassing most of the testicular area and pushing the normal parenchyma to the cranial margin. The mass is of irregular echogenicity, probably as a result of its large size and poor blood flow.

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20.6

Ultrasonogram showing the triangular hypoechoic lesion in the dorsum of the testis, radiating from the mediastinum testis towards the parietal vaginal tunic. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.6 Ultrasonogram showing the triangular hypoechoic lesion in the dorsum of the testis, radiating from the mediastinum testis towards the parietal vaginal tunic.

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20.7

Balanoposthitis. Note the raised granular lesions, hyperaemia and purulent exudate over the surface of the penis. (Reproduced from Johnson et al., 2001 with permission from the publisher) © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.7 Balanoposthitis. Note the raised granular lesions, hyperaemia and purulent exudate over the surface of the penis. (Reproduced from Johnson et al., 2001 with permission from the publisher)

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20.8

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20.8 Severe oedema of the preputial membrane in a dog with prolapse of the prepuce and paraphimosis.

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20.9

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20.9 Persistent penile frenulum in a dog.

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20.10

Urethral prolapse in a Bulldog. Note the doughnut-shaped hyperaemic urethral mucosa which has prolapsed out of the urethral orifice at the end of the glans penis. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.10 Urethral prolapse in a Bulldog. Note the doughnut-shaped hyperaemic urethral mucosa which has prolapsed out of the urethral orifice at the end of the glans penis.

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20.11

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20.11 Gross specimen showing a mildly enlarged but smooth and symmetrical prostate gland immediately caudal to the urinary bladder.

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20.12

Ultrasonogram showing one large and several small retention cysts within the prostate gland of a dog. Note the heterogeneity of the prostatic parenchyma, which is typical of chronic prostatitis with BPH. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.12 Ultrasonogram showing one large and several small retention cysts within the prostate gland of a dog. Note the heterogeneity of the prostatic parenchyma, which is typical of chronic prostatitis with BPH.

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20.13

Ultrasonogram showing a large paraprostatic cyst with anechoic fluid. The urinary bladder may be visible adjacent to the cyst as a crescent moon-shaped structure. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.13 Ultrasonogram showing a large paraprostatic cyst with anechoic fluid. The urinary bladder may be visible adjacent to the cyst as a crescent moon-shaped structure.

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20.14

(a) Ultrasonogram showing asymmetrical prostate gland lobes with mild heterogeneity of the prostatic parenchyma. (b) Ultrasonogram showing a prostatic abscess. Note the large fluid-filled structure within the prostate gland. The fluid within the structure is moderately hyperechoic with flocculent material visible. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.14 (a) Ultrasonogram showing asymmetrical prostate gland lobes with mild heterogeneity of the prostatic parenchyma. (b) Ultrasonogram showing a prostatic abscess. Note the large fluid-filled structure within the prostate gland. The fluid within the structure is moderately hyperechoic with flocculent material visible.

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20.15

Small abdominally retained testis seen on post-mortem examination. The gubernaculum is visible attached to the caudal pole of the testis and the coiled spermatic cord and vas deferens are also clearly visible. The caudal pole of the right kidney is on the far right. © 2010 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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20.15 Small abdominally retained testis seen on post-mortem examination. The gubernaculum is visible attached to the caudal pole of the testis and the coiled spermatic cord and vas deferens are also clearly visible. The caudal pole of the right kidney is on the far right.