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Post-mortem examination
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443194.chap25
Post-mortem examination
- Authors: Drury Reavill and Robert Schmidt
- From: BSAVA Manual of Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery
- Item: Chapter 25, pp 291 - 308
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443194.25
- Copyright: © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: September 2019
Abstract
In avian medicine, the post-mortem examination is a valuable part of the diagnostic work-up. The findings in one animal may help others in a collection. This chapter describes the steps in a postmortem examination and provides a broad overview of possible interpretations of some common lesions.
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Figures
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Chicken with sticktight fleas (Echidnophaga gallinacea). (Courtesy of Geoffrey Olsen) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Chicken with sticktight fleas (Echidnophaga gallinacea). (Courtesy of Geoffrey Olsen)
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Poultry lice may be identified during post-mortem examination. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Poultry lice may be identified during post-mortem examination.
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Wetting of the plumage allows close examination of the skin. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Wetting of the plumage allows close examination of the skin.
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Examination of the head of the femur. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Examination of the head of the femur.
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The skin has been peeled away from the area of examination in this common guillemot. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The skin has been peeled away from the area of examination in this common guillemot.
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The initial incisions should be made from the crop to the vent. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The initial incisions should be made from the crop to the vent.
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Cutting through the coracoid bones to lift and remove the sternum. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Cutting through the coracoid bones to lift and remove the sternum.
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Examination of the abdominal air sacs. Normal air sacs should be translucent. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Examination of the abdominal air sacs. Normal air sacs should be translucent.
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Location of the thyroid gland (arrowed) in a pheasant. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Location of the thyroid gland (arrowed) in a pheasant.
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Location of lobes of the thymus (arrowed). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Location of lobes of the thymus (arrowed).
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The round dark brown spleen (arrowed) is visible as the proventriculus and ventriculus are rolled laterally in this chicken. (Courtesy of Leila Marcucci) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The round dark brown spleen (arrowed) is visible as the proventriculus and ventriculus are rolled laterally in this chicken. (Courtesy of Leila Marcucci)
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The ventriculus has been incised to allow examination of the koilin. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The ventriculus has been incised to allow examination of the koilin.
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The caeca from a chicken. This is a fixed specimen. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The caeca from a chicken. This is a fixed specimen.
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Location of Meckel’s diverticulum (arrowed). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Location of Meckel’s diverticulum (arrowed).
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An active oviduct (arrowed) and ovaries (*) are present in the coelom of this chicken. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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An active oviduct (arrowed) and ovaries (*) are present in the coelom of this chicken.
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The kidney of a hen: the three divisions are arrowed. (Courtesy of Leila Marcucci) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The kidney of a hen: the three divisions are arrowed. (Courtesy of Leila Marcucci)
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With the kidney removed, the sciatic plexus can be examined. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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With the kidney removed, the sciatic plexus can be examined.
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The normal lungs are pink in this bufflehead. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The normal lungs are pink in this bufflehead.
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The cervical oesophagus is open. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The cervical oesophagus is open.
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Normal syringeal bulla in a mallard duck. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Normal syringeal bulla in a mallard duck.
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Urate crystals from a bird with articular gout are readily identifiable by exfoliative cytology. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Urate crystals from a bird with articular gout are readily identifiable by exfoliative cytology.
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The enhanced lobular or reticular pattern can be appreciated in this liver from a goose. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The enhanced lobular or reticular pattern can be appreciated in this liver from a goose.
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Variable epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis due to scaly leg mites (Knemidocoptes mutans) in a chicken. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Variable epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis due to scaly leg mites (Knemidocoptes mutans) in a chicken.
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Subcutaneous mites (Laminosioptes cysticola) may be found at post-mortem examination. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Subcutaneous mites (Laminosioptes cysticola) may be found at post-mortem examination.
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Severe dermatitis and cellulitis following a dog attack in a duck. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Severe dermatitis and cellulitis following a dog attack in a duck.
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Severe pododermatitis in a mute swan. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Severe pododermatitis in a mute swan.
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Multifocal nodular swellings of the skin due to Marek’s disease. Many lesions involve the feather follicles (the feathers have been removed in this case). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Multifocal nodular swellings of the skin due to Marek’s disease. Many lesions involve the feather follicles (the feathers have been removed in this case).
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Proliferative and necrotizing lesions on the skin associated with fowlpox infection. (Courtesy of Greg Rich) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Proliferative and necrotizing lesions on the skin associated with fowlpox infection. (Courtesy of Greg Rich)
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Thickened skin in a chicken with xanthomatosis. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Thickened skin in a chicken with xanthomatosis.
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Synovitis of the intertarsal joint (hock) due to Mycoplasma. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Synovitis of the intertarsal joint (hock) due to Mycoplasma.
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Beading of the ribs associated with rickets. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Beading of the ribs associated with rickets.
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Osteopetrosis (note: the normal bone is on the right). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Osteopetrosis (note: the normal bone is on the right).
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Sarcosporidial schizonts causing numerous foci and streaks in the skeletal muscle of a duck. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Sarcosporidial schizonts causing numerous foci and streaks in the skeletal muscle of a duck.
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Dissecting aneurysm with periarterial haemorrhage. Inset: close-up view of the dissection. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Dissecting aneurysm with periarterial haemorrhage. Inset: close-up view of the dissection.
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Extensive swelling of the periocular sinus and closing of the eye. (Courtesy of Geoffrey Olsen) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Extensive swelling of the periocular sinus and closing of the eye. (Courtesy of Geoffrey Olsen)
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Haemorrhage and tracheal exudate in a chicken with infectious laryngotracheitis. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Haemorrhage and tracheal exudate in a chicken with infectious laryngotracheitis.
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Fowlpox lesions in the oral cavity (arrowed). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Fowlpox lesions in the oral cavity (arrowed).
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Candidiasis (thrush) in the crop of a chicken. Note the proliferative mucosa. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Candidiasis (thrush) in the crop of a chicken. Note the proliferative mucosa.
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Proventricular haemorrhage (arrowed) which can be seen in birds with Newcastle disease or chicken infectious anaemia. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Proventricular haemorrhage (arrowed) which can be seen in birds with Newcastle disease or chicken infectious anaemia.
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A wet mount cytology preparation of Trichomonas from the intestine of a quail. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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A wet mount cytology preparation of Trichomonas from the intestine of a quail.
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Ascarids in the small intestine. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Ascarids in the small intestine.
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Severe haemorrhage due to duck virus enteritis infection. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Severe haemorrhage due to duck virus enteritis infection.
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Multifocal necrotizing ulcerative enteritis due to Clostridium colunum in a Bobwhite quail. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Multifocal necrotizing ulcerative enteritis due to Clostridium colunum in a Bobwhite quail.
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Marked typhlitis in a turkey with Histomonas meleagridis infection. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Marked typhlitis in a turkey with Histomonas meleagridis infection.
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Slightly enlarged liver with multiple yellow-white foci indicative of septicaemia due to Pasteurella (fowl cholera). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Slightly enlarged liver with multiple yellow-white foci indicative of septicaemia due to Pasteurella (fowl cholera).
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Necrotic foci in the liver and caeca of a turkey associated with histomoniasis. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Necrotic foci in the liver and caeca of a turkey associated with histomoniasis.
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Enlarged liver with a mottled appearance in a chicken with lymphoid leucosis. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Enlarged liver with a mottled appearance in a chicken with lymphoid leucosis.
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Enlarged liver with a mottled appearance in a duck with duck viral hepatitis. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Enlarged liver with a mottled appearance in a duck with duck viral hepatitis.
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Enlarged yellow liver, typical for hepatic lipidosis, in a Palawan pheasant. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Enlarged yellow liver, typical for hepatic lipidosis, in a Palawan pheasant.
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Enlarged spleen with foci of necrosis and inflammation scattered throughout the parenchyma. This appearance is typically seen with bacterial septicaemia. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Enlarged spleen with foci of necrosis and inflammation scattered throughout the parenchyma. This appearance is typically seen with bacterial septicaemia.
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Loss of pigmentation and irregularity of the iris is due to Marek’s disease. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Loss of pigmentation and irregularity of the iris is due to Marek’s disease.