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Clinical pathology, post-mortem examinations and disease surveillance
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443316.chap10
Clinical pathology, post-mortem examinations and disease surveillance
- Author: John E. Cooper
- From: BSAVA Manual of Wildlife Casualties
- Item: Chapter 10, pp 93 - 108
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443316.10
- Copyright: © 2016 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: December 2016
Abstract
Alongside a growing general interest in wildlife health there has been an encouraging growth of input by professional veterinary bodies into monitoring zoonoses, infectious diseases and new pathogens and environmental pollutants. This chapter explores the methods and challenges of clinical pathology of wildlife, including: sampling methods, diagnostic tests, interpretation and record-keeping, and post-mortem examinations.
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Figures
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10.3
Investigation of the shed skin (‘slough’) of snakes requires careful handling and examination using (a) a hand lens and (b) a dissecting microscope. Examination using a dissecting microscope should include use of both transmitted and reflected light. © 2016 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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10.3
Investigation of the shed skin (‘slough’) of snakes requires careful handling and examination using (a) a hand lens and (b) a dissecting microscope. Examination using a dissecting microscope should include use of both transmitted and reflected light.
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10.8
Common endoparasites of hedgehogs seen during direct microscopic examination of faecal smears. (a) Crenosoma striatum larvae; often highly motile approx. 300 μm long. (b) Capillaria spp. eggs; bipolar, approx. 50–60 μm long. (c) Brachylaemus erinacei eggs; asymmetry of sides, operculated, small, approx. 30 μm long. (d) Coccidial oocysts; small, approx. 20 μm in diameter. (© Steve Bexton) © 2016 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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10.8
Common endoparasites of hedgehogs seen during direct microscopic examination of faecal smears. (a) Crenosoma striatum larvae; often highly motile approx. 300 μm long. (b) Capillaria spp. eggs; bipolar, approx. 50–60 μm long. (c) Brachylaemus erinacei eggs; asymmetry of sides, operculated, small, approx. 30 μm long. (d) Coccidial oocysts; small, approx. 20 μm in diameter. (© Steve Bexton)
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10.10
Aspergillus special staining techniques. (a) Aspergillosis in a bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula). The affected lung shows damage to parenchyma and extensive septate fungal hyphae, characteristic of A. fumigatus. Stained with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS). (b) An early Aspergillus lesion in the lung of a mammal. Branching fungal hyphae are beginning to invade adjacent alveoli. Stained with Grocott. © 2016 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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10.10
Aspergillus special staining techniques. (a) Aspergillosis in a bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula). The affected lung shows damage to parenchyma and extensive septate fungal hyphae, characteristic of A. fumigatus. Stained with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS). (b) An early Aspergillus lesion in the lung of a mammal. Branching fungal hyphae are beginning to invade adjacent alveoli. Stained with Grocott.
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10.12
Cytological preparation of a buccal cavity swab taken from a bird of prey with a stomatitis. There are clusters of Trichomonas gallinae, recognizable by their distinct flagella, against a background of large squamous epithelial cells with abundant cytoplasm and scattered bacteria (Quick stain). © 2016 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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10.12
Cytological preparation of a buccal cavity swab taken from a bird of prey with a stomatitis. There are clusters of Trichomonas gallinae, recognizable by their distinct flagella, against a background of large squamous epithelial cells with abundant cytoplasm and scattered bacteria (Quick stain).
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10.13
Post-mortem examination of a wild animal must be preceded by careful external examination, paying particular attention to the morphological features of the species in question – in this case, the beak and feet of this heron (Ardea cinerea). © 2016 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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10.13
Post-mortem examination of a wild animal must be preceded by careful external examination, paying particular attention to the morphological features of the species in question – in this case, the beak and feet of this heron (Ardea cinerea).