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Emergency management of respiratory distress
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2
Emergency management of respiratory distress
- Authors: Daniel Holden and Kenneth Drobatz
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery
- Item: Chapter 2, pp 16 - 26
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443347.2
- Copyright: © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: October 2018
Abstract
Respiratory distress is a life-threatening clinical syndrome that should be dealt with immediately. What is done in the initial approach to these animals can make the difference between life and death. This chapter covers initial assessment and stabilization, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, diseases associated with respiratory distress and prolonged oxygen therapy. Operative Technique: Emergency tracheotomy.
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Figures
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2.1
Algorithm for localization of the respiratory lesion in animals with respiratory distress. This chart should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement and experience to optimize assessment of the patient. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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2.1
Algorithm for localization of the respiratory lesion in animals with respiratory distress. This chart should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement and experience to optimize assessment of the patient.
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2.4
Nasal oxygen can be provided through a catheter inserted into one nostril to a premeasured length.
(Reproduced from the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, 3rd edn) © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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2.4
Nasal oxygen can be provided through a catheter inserted into one nostril to a premeasured length.
(Reproduced from the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, 3rd edn)
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2.fig2_5
2.5
Nasal oxygen prongs for oxygen supplementation.
(Reproduced from the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, 3rd edn) © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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2.5
Nasal oxygen prongs for oxygen supplementation.
(Reproduced from the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, 3rd edn)
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2.6
An oxygen cage in use.
(Reproduced from the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, 2nd edn) © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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2.6
An oxygen cage in use.
(Reproduced from the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, 2nd edn)
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Untitled
© 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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For routine airway maintenance, a non-cuffed tube with an inner cannula, with an outer diameter no greater than 75% of the luminal diameter of the trachea, should be used.
For routine airway maintenance, a non-cuffed tube with an inner cannula, with an outer diameter no greater than 75% of the luminal diameter of the trachea, should be used. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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For routine airway maintenance, a non-cuffed tube with an inner cannula, with an outer diameter no greater than 75% of the luminal diameter of the trachea, should be used.
For routine airway maintenance, a non-cuffed tube with an inner cannula, with an outer diameter no greater than 75% of the luminal diameter of the trachea, should be used.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2.ch02unfig03
For maintenance of anaesthesia or prolonged mechanical ventilation, a tube with an inner cannula and a high-volume low-pressure cuff is more appropriate.
For maintenance of anaesthesia or prolonged mechanical ventilation, a tube with an inner cannula and a high-volume low-pressure cuff is more appropriate. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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For maintenance of anaesthesia or prolonged mechanical ventilation, a tube with an inner cannula and a high-volume low-pressure cuff is more appropriate.
For maintenance of anaesthesia or prolonged mechanical ventilation, a tube with an inner cannula and a high-volume low-pressure cuff is more appropriate.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2.ch02unfig04
Skin incision and incision between thyohyoid muscle bellies. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
Skin incision and incision between thyohyoid muscle bellies. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Skin incision and incision between thyohyoid muscle bellies. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
Skin incision and incision between thyohyoid muscle bellies. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
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Incision between the sternohyoid muscle bellies. Gelpi retractors help to expose the trachea. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
Incision between the sternohyoid muscle bellies. Gelpi retractors help to expose the trachea. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Incision between the sternohyoid muscle bellies. Gelpi retractors help to expose the trachea. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
Incision between the sternohyoid muscle bellies. Gelpi retractors help to expose the trachea. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2.ch02unfig06
Stay sutures have been placed either side of the proposed annular ligament incision. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
Stay sutures have been placed either side of the proposed annular ligament incision. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Stay sutures have been placed either side of the proposed annular ligament incision. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
Stay sutures have been placed either side of the proposed annular ligament incision. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2.ch02unfig07
The annular ligament incision is made big enough (but not greater than half way around the circumference of the trachea) to permit gentle placement of the tracheostomy tube. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
The annular ligament incision is made big enough (but not greater than half way around the circumference of the trachea) to permit gentle placement of the tracheostomy tube. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The annular ligament incision is made big enough (but not greater than half way around the circumference of the trachea) to permit gentle placement of the tracheostomy tube. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
The annular ligament incision is made big enough (but not greater than half way around the circumference of the trachea) to permit gentle placement of the tracheostomy tube. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443347.chap2.ch02unfig08
The tube is secured and skin sutures placed. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
The tube is secured and skin sutures placed. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The tube is secured and skin sutures placed. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
The tube is secured and skin sutures placed. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
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