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Brachycephalic airway disease
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443347.chap6
Brachycephalic airway disease
- Authors: Gert ter Haar and Gerhard U. Oechtering
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery
- Item: Chapter 6, pp 82 - 91
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443347.6
- Copyright: © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: October 2018
Abstract
Brachycephalic dogs, and persian and himalayan cats, frequently present with signs of upper airway obstruction as a result of an anatomical distortion of their faces caused by selective breeding. This chapter covers the diagnosis and treatment of three key problems: correction of stenotic nares and resection of aberrant turbinates, staphylectomy for elongated/overlong soft palate, and everted laryngeal saccules and laryngeal collapse. Operative Techniques: Modified horizontal wedge resection of the nares; Staphylectomy (soft palate resection).
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Figures
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6.1
Lateral thoracic radiograph demonstrating a hypoplastic trachea in a 13-week-old Boston Terrier. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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6.1
Lateral thoracic radiograph demonstrating a hypoplastic trachea in a 13-week-old Boston Terrier.
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6.2
(a) Transverse computed tomographic (CT) image of a 4-year-old English Bulldog with non-aerated bullae and bilateral tympanic bulla wall thickening. (b) Transverse CT image of a 2-year-old Pug with severe nasopharyngeal turbinate protrusion. (c) Sagittal CT image of the same animal as in (b). © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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6.2
(a) Transverse computed tomographic (CT) image of a 4-year-old English Bulldog with non-aerated bullae and bilateral tympanic bulla wall thickening. (b) Transverse CT image of a 2-year-old Pug with severe nasopharyngeal turbinate protrusion. (c) Sagittal CT image of the same animal as in (b).
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6.3
Throat examination in a 3-year-old French Bulldog demonstrating mild to moderate pharyngeal narrowing with mild dorsoventral flattening of the pharynx, mild protrusion of the tonsils, mild thickening of the base of the tongue, a moderate degree of pharyngeal oedema and a mildly elongated soft palate. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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6.3
Throat examination in a 3-year-old French Bulldog demonstrating mild to moderate pharyngeal narrowing with mild dorsoventral flattening of the pharynx, mild protrusion of the tonsils, mild thickening of the base of the tongue, a moderate degree of pharyngeal oedema and a mildly elongated soft palate.
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6.4
Everted laryngeal saccules in a French Bulldog. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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6.4
Everted laryngeal saccules in a French Bulldog.
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6.5
Nasopharyngoscopic examination in a French Bulldog demonstrating protrusion of the turbinates into the nasopharynx bilaterally. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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6.5
Nasopharyngoscopic examination in a French Bulldog demonstrating protrusion of the turbinates into the nasopharynx bilaterally.
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6.6
Tracheoscopy in an English Bulldog demonstrating the relatively narrow diameter of the trachea and mild tracheal hypoplasia. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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6.6
Tracheoscopy in an English Bulldog demonstrating the relatively narrow diameter of the trachea and mild tracheal hypoplasia.
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Stenotic nares in a French Bulldog.
Stenotic nares in a French Bulldog. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Stenotic nares in a French Bulldog.
Stenotic nares in a French Bulldog.
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The incision is started laterally.
The incision is started laterally. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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The incision is started laterally.
The incision is started laterally.
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Half of the palate has been cut with scissors.
Half of the palate has been cut with scissors. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Half of the palate has been cut with scissors.
Half of the palate has been cut with scissors.
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Completed resection of the soft palate; minimal blood loss is visible.
Completed resection of the soft palate; minimal blood loss is visible. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Completed resection of the soft palate; minimal blood loss is visible.
Completed resection of the soft palate; minimal blood loss is visible.
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