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Diarrhoea is the most common clinical manifestation of intestinal disease. The investigation of chronic diarrhoea should always start with history-taking and a physical examination. This will ensure that systemic causes of chronic diarrhoea are not missed and, where primary disease is present, indicate whether small or large intestinal disease exists. This chapter explains clinical features and diagnosis, for example Baseline laboratory test; Diagnostic imaging; Specialized GI function tests, Endoscopic examination and intestinal biopsy; and Exploratory coeliotomy.