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Congenital vertebral abnormalities associated with screw tail conformation

image of Congenital vertebral abnormalities associated with screw tail conformation
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Figures

Image of Figure 1:
Figure 1: Radiograph demonstrating the methodology for Cobb angle calculation.
Image of Figure 2:
Figure 2: Midline sagittal magnetic resonance images from two dogs with thoracic hemivertebrae. The left image demonstrates spinal cord stretch and thinning (or tethering), but with a wide dorsal epidural space. On the right there is direct spinal cord compression due to vertebral canal stenosis.
Image of Figure 3:
Figure 3: Midline sagittal MR image showing an intervertebral disc extrusion, with spinal cord compression in a 6 year old French Bulldog at the site of a hemivertebrae.
Image of Figure 4:
Figure 4: In the left and middle images, an arachnoid diverticulum (small arrows as the enlarged dorsal subarachnoid space) has developed at a hemivertebrae, with spinal cord damage (large arrows). In the right image, an area of syringomyelia has developed at a hemivertebrae (arrow), but without any arachnoid diverticulum.
Image of Figure 5:
Figure 5: Pre-surgery radiographs (top) and post-surgery radiographs (bottom) showing the corrected curvature of the spine at the hemivertebra using a locking plate and bone graft.

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