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Principles of endocrine disease
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443866.chap1
Principles of endocrine disease
- Author: Hans S. Kooistra
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology
- Item: Chapter 1, pp 1 - 5
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443866.1
- Copyright: © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: August 2023
Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to endocrine disease and the principles of endocrinology. It explains the role of hormones in intercellular communication and considers both traditional and modern endocrinology. The chapter also discusses the classification of hormones and their effects, as well as the mechanisms by which they exert their effects. The different types of endocrine disorders are introduced. The chapter concludes with guidance on recognition of endocrine disorders in the clinical setting, including a discussion of the use of diagnostic imaging techniques in endocrinology.
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Figures
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1.1
Schematic illustration of the endocrine system. The endocrine glands produce hormones that are released into the systemic circulation and interact with target cells expressing specific receptors for these hormones. © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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1.1
Schematic illustration of the endocrine system. The endocrine glands produce hormones that are released into the systemic circulation and interact with target cells expressing specific receptors for these hormones.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443866.chap1.fig1_2
1.2
Schematic illustration of paracrine and autocrine effects. Endocrine cells produce hormones that are secreted into the interstitial fluid to act on neighbouring cells (paracrine effect) or on the cell of origin (autocrine effect). © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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1.2
Schematic illustration of paracrine and autocrine effects. Endocrine cells produce hormones that are secreted into the interstitial fluid to act on neighbouring cells (paracrine effect) or on the cell of origin (autocrine effect).
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443866.chap1.fig1_3
1.3
Examples of different types of hormones.
(Reproduced from
Rijnberk and Kooistra (2010)
with permission) © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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1.3
Examples of different types of hormones.
(Reproduced from
Rijnberk and Kooistra (2010)
with permission)
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443866.chap1.fig1_4
1.4
Generalized hypothalamic–pituitary system and related endocrine glands. (a) Primary hyperfunction. The neoplastic endocrine gland secretes excess hormone into the systemic circulation (red arrows), resulting in clinical signs. In addition, the high plasma hormone concentration provides negative feedback on the hypothalamic–pituitary system, resulting in low tropic hormone secretion by the pituitary (dashed green arrow) and subsequent atrophy of the non-neoplastic endocrine gland. (b) Secondary hyperfunction. The neoplastic pituitary gland secretes excess tropic hormone into the systemic circulation. Consequently, the related endocrine glands secrete excess hormone into the systemic circulation, resulting in clinical signs and, eventually, hyperplastic glands. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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1.4
Generalized hypothalamic–pituitary system and related endocrine glands. (a) Primary hyperfunction. The neoplastic endocrine gland secretes excess hormone into the systemic circulation (red arrows), resulting in clinical signs. In addition, the high plasma hormone concentration provides negative feedback on the hypothalamic–pituitary system, resulting in low tropic hormone secretion by the pituitary (dashed green arrow) and subsequent atrophy of the non-neoplastic endocrine gland. (b) Secondary hyperfunction. The neoplastic pituitary gland secretes excess tropic hormone into the systemic circulation. Consequently, the related endocrine glands secrete excess hormone into the systemic circulation, resulting in clinical signs and, eventually, hyperplastic glands. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
/content/figure/10.22233/9781910443866.chap1.fig1_5
1.5
Six-hour plasma profiles of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in a 3-year-old Beagle bitch. Asterisks indicate significant pulses of both FSH and LH. © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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1.5
Six-hour plasma profiles of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in a 3-year-old Beagle bitch. Asterisks indicate significant pulses of both FSH and LH.