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Neurological and ophthalmological disease
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443903.chap20
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- BSAVA Manual of Guinea Pigs
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Neurological and ophthalmological disease
- Authors: Véronique Mentré and Cécile Bernhard
- From: BSAVA Manual of Guinea Pigs
- Item: Chapter 20, pp 235 - 256
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443903.20
- Copyright: © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2026
Neurological conditions are poorly documented in guinea pigs and can be challenging to diagnose. Ocular abnormalities are very common in guinea pigs and it is unclear how well they can see. This chapter guides the reader through adapting neurological examinations and diagnostic procedures to guinea pig patients. The second half of the chapter provides a guide to the diagnosis and management of a range of ophthalmic conditions, with ample reference images.
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Figures
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20.2
Radiograph of the skull of a guinea pig with bilateral otitis media, showing discrete thickening of the left bulla and severe changes in the right bulla. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.2
Radiograph of the skull of a guinea pig with bilateral otitis media, showing discrete thickening of the left bulla and severe changes in the right bulla.
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20.3
Computed tomographic images of a guinea pig with a chronic discharging fistula on its temple. (a–c) There is a large facial soft tissue swelling with intracranial extension causing aggressive bone lesions in the calvarium with the suspicion of intracranial empyema (arrowed/arrowheads). (d) There is right-sided otitis media (arrowed), most likely connected to the facial lesion.
(Reproduced from a VetCT Radiology report by Nadia S Pfammatter with permission from VetCT) © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.3
Computed tomographic images of a guinea pig with a chronic discharging fistula on its temple. (a–c) There is a large facial soft tissue swelling with intracranial extension causing aggressive bone lesions in the calvarium with the suspicion of intracranial empyema (arrowed/arrowheads). (d) There is right-sided otitis media (arrowed), most likely connected to the facial lesion.
(Reproduced from a VetCT Radiology report by Nadia S Pfammatter with permission from VetCT)
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20.5
(a) A guinea pig with right-sided otitis media/interna showing a right-sided head tilt. (b) A guinea pig with left-sided otitis media showing a left-sided head tilt. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.5
(a) A guinea pig with right-sided otitis media/interna showing a right-sided head tilt. (b) A guinea pig with left-sided otitis media showing a left-sided head tilt.
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20.7
Orbital anatomy. There is a mediodorsal bend in the nasolacrimal duct where it passes over the incisors. ALG = accessory lacrimal gland.
Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.7
Orbital anatomy. There is a mediodorsal bend in the nasolacrimal duct where it passes over the incisors. ALG = accessory lacrimal gland.
Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
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20.10
Moderate exophthalmos of the right eye associated with a retro-orbital dental abscess. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.10
Moderate exophthalmos of the right eye associated with a retro-orbital dental abscess.
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20.11
Enophthalmos and blepharospasm of the right eye due to a painful corneal ulcer. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.11
Enophthalmos and blepharospasm of the right eye due to a painful corneal ulcer.
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20.13
A guinea pig with ‘pea eye’. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.13
A guinea pig with ‘pea eye’.
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20.14
A guinea pig with ‘fatty eye’. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.14
A guinea pig with ‘fatty eye’.
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20.15
A guinea pig with ‘flesh eye’. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.15
A guinea pig with ‘flesh eye’.
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20.16
A guinea pig with blepharitis and ocular bacterial infection. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.16
A guinea pig with blepharitis and ocular bacterial infection.
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20.17
A corneal ulcer (a) before and (b) after fluorescein staining. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.17
A corneal ulcer (a) before and (b) after fluorescein staining.
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20.18
A guinea pig with a very severe deep corneal ulcer. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.18
A guinea pig with a very severe deep corneal ulcer.
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20.19
A guinea pig with a stromal abscess. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.19
A guinea pig with a stromal abscess.
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20.20
A guinea pig with a severe stromal abscess and conjunctivitis. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.20
A guinea pig with a severe stromal abscess and conjunctivitis.
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20.21
A guinea pig with chemosis. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.21
A guinea pig with chemosis.
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20.22
(a, b) Allergic conjunctivitis in two guinea pigs. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.22
(a, b) Allergic conjunctivitis in two guinea pigs.
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20.23
A guinea pig with infected keratoconjunctivitis sicca and a cataract. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.23
A guinea pig with infected keratoconjunctivitis sicca and a cataract.
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20.24
A guinea pig with keratitis. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.24
A guinea pig with keratitis.
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20.25
Inflammatory pannus and keratitis associated with a foreign body. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.25
Inflammatory pannus and keratitis associated with a foreign body.
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20.26
A guinea pig with exposure keratitis due to facial paralysis. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.26
A guinea pig with exposure keratitis due to facial paralysis.
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20.27
A guinea pig with corneal dystrophy. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.27
A guinea pig with corneal dystrophy.
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20.28
A guinea pig with a cataract. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.28
A guinea pig with a cataract.
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20.29
A guinea pig with posterior lens luxation and a cataract. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.29
A guinea pig with posterior lens luxation and a cataract.
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20.30
A guinea pig with uveitis and hypopyon. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.30
A guinea pig with uveitis and hypopyon.
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20.31
(a–c) Osseous metaplasia in three guinea pigs. © 2026 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.31
(a–c) Osseous metaplasia in three guinea pigs.