Vertebral malformations in dogs: Clinical signs and diagnosis

• Describe the characteristic clinical signs associated with vertebral malformations in brachycephalic dogs and common breeds affected
• Recognise the typical diagnostic imaging findings of common vertebral malformations in dogs and how to determine if they are clinically relevant
• Discuss the possibility of vertebral malformations being associated with other vertebral column disease (e.g. intervertebral disc disease, kyphosis)

Vertebral malformations in dogs: Can anything be done?

• List the treatment options available (medical and surgical) for the management of common vertebral malformations in dogs
• Describe some of the common surgical options for management of vertebral malformations and possible future directions
• Recognise possible complications of surgical management and requirements for post-operative care