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Paraneoplastic syndromes
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781905319749.chap4
Paraneoplastic syndromes
- Author: Richard Mellanby
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Oncology
- Item: Chapter 4, pp 30 - 39
- DOI: 10.22233/9781905319749.4
- Copyright: © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2011
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes result from indirect effects of tumours due to the production and release of biologically active substances such as hormones, growth factors and cytokines. This chapter reviews endocrine system; haematological/haemostatic complications; gastrointestinal system; cutaneous system, neuromuscular system; miscellaneous conditions.
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Figures
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4.1
PTHrp concentrations in: healthy dogs (Control); dogs with lymphoma that were normocalcaemic (Lymphoma – N) and hypercalcaemic (Lymphoma – H); dogs with hypercalcaemia associated with an adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland (Anal sac carc.); hypercalcaemic dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid adenoma (PHP); and dogs with hypercalcaemia and chronic renal failure (CRF). The dotted line represents the upper limit of the reference range. Normal dogs and hypercalcaemic dogs with a non-malignant disease rarely have elevated PTHrp concentrations. In contrast, dogs with hypercalcaemia caused by neoplasia often (but not invariably) have elevated plasma PTHrp concentrations. (Data from
Mellanby et al., 2006
). © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.1
PTHrp concentrations in: healthy dogs (Control); dogs with lymphoma that were normocalcaemic (Lymphoma – N) and hypercalcaemic (Lymphoma – H); dogs with hypercalcaemia associated with an adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland (Anal sac carc.); hypercalcaemic dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid adenoma (PHP); and dogs with hypercalcaemia and chronic renal failure (CRF). The dotted line represents the upper limit of the reference range. Normal dogs and hypercalcaemic dogs with a non-malignant disease rarely have elevated PTHrp concentrations. In contrast, dogs with hypercalcaemia caused by neoplasia often (but not invariably) have elevated plasma PTHrp concentrations. (Data from
Mellanby et al., 2006
).
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4.2
A diagnostic approach to hypercalcaemia. (Reproduced from BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Clinical Pathology, 2nd edn) © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.2
A diagnostic approach to hypercalcaemia. (Reproduced from BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Clinical Pathology, 2nd edn)
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4.4
Pallor (shown here by the mucous membranes) is a common clinical finding in dogs with malignancy-associated immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.4
Pallor (shown here by the mucous membranes) is a common clinical finding in dogs with malignancy-associated immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.
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4.5
Severe thrombocytopenia can result in clinical signs such as (a) petechiae and/or (b) ecchymoses. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.5
Severe thrombocytopenia can result in clinical signs such as (a) petechiae and/or (b) ecchymoses.
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4.6
Diagnostic approach to the patient with a bleeding disorder. (Redrawn after
Dobson and Gorman, 1993
) © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.6
Diagnostic approach to the patient with a bleeding disorder. (Redrawn after
Dobson and Gorman, 1993
)
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4.7
Summary of the pathways involved in DIC. (Redrawn after
Dobson and Gorman, 1993
) © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.8
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis: skin lesions of crusting and exudation affecting the muzzle and the mucocutaneous junctions of the eyelid. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.8
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis: skin lesions of crusting and exudation affecting the muzzle and the mucocutaneous junctions of the eyelid.
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4.9
Radiographs of the lower limbs demonstrating periosteal new bone characteristic of hypertrophic osteopathy. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.9
Radiographs of the lower limbs demonstrating periosteal new bone characteristic of hypertrophic osteopathy.