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Shock, sepsis and SIRS
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781905319756.chap11
Shock, sepsis and SIRS
- Author: Andrew J. Brown
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Surgical Principles
- Item: Chapter 11, pp 127 - 141
- DOI: 10.22233/9781905319756.11
- Copyright: © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2012
Abstract
Shock is a syndrome that results from inadequate cellular energy production. This arises from an imbalance between oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2), and a transition from efficient aerobic to inefficient anaerobic cellular metabolism. Anaerobic metabolism provides a temporary fix for inadequate cellular energy production, but results in lactate accumulation and metabolic acidosis. This chapter focusses on Definitions; Overview and pathophysiology; Clinical recognition of shock, sepsis and SIRS; Therapy and monitoring response to therapy; and Prognosis.
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Figures
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11.1
The delivery of oxygen to tissues (DO2) is dependent on cardiac output and the oxygen content of arterial blood (C
aO2). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.1
The delivery of oxygen to tissues (DO2) is dependent on cardiac output and the oxygen content of arterial blood (C
aO2).
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11.5
Hypotension leads to activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.5
Hypotension leads to activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS).
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11.8
A dog with hypovolaemic shock secondary to a spontaneous haemoabdomen. The dog is severely depressed, tachycardic, has pale mucous membranes and weak pulses. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.8
A dog with hypovolaemic shock secondary to a spontaneous haemoabdomen. The dog is severely depressed, tachycardic, has pale mucous membranes and weak pulses.
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11.9
Blood products may be necessary to stabilize animals with haemorrhagic shock. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.9
Blood products may be necessary to stabilize animals with haemorrhagic shock.
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11.10
The dog in
Figure 11.8
following fluid resuscitation with intravenous isotonic crystalloids. Mentation has improved, heart rate is normal, pulses are stronger and mucous membranes are pink. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.10
The dog in
Figure 11.8
following fluid resuscitation with intravenous isotonic crystalloids. Mentation has improved, heart rate is normal, pulses are stronger and mucous membranes are pink.
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11.14
A source of infection in the septic patient should be readily identified and treated. In this example, mastitis has progressed to signs of septic shock. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.14
A source of infection in the septic patient should be readily identified and treated. In this example, mastitis has progressed to signs of septic shock.
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11.15
Haemodynamic support, infection control, metabolic care and supportive care are essential in this postoperative cat with septic shock secondary to septic peritonitis. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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11.15
Haemodynamic support, infection control, metabolic care and supportive care are essential in this postoperative cat with septic shock secondary to septic peritonitis.