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Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443170.chap20
Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease
- Authors: David Gould and Jim Carter
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Ophthalmology
- Item: Chapter 20, pp 384 - 394
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443170.20
- Copyright: © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2014
Abstract
An ophthalmic examination can provide useful information about the nature and extent of systemic diseases. This chapter provides an overview of those systemic diseases that commonly produce ophthalmic manifestations: infectious diseases; non-infectious diseases.
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Figures
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20.1
Bilateral corneal oedema in a 12-week-old puppy that developed 3 weeks after live CAV-2 vaccination. The condition resolved following a 2-week course of topical corticosteroids. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.1
Bilateral corneal oedema in a 12-week-old puppy that developed 3 weeks after live CAV-2 vaccination. The condition resolved following a 2-week course of topical corticosteroids.
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20.2
Dendritic corneal ulceration associated with FHV-1 infection. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.2
Dendritic corneal ulceration associated with FHV-1 infection.
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20.3
Anterior uveitis in a cat with FIP. Clinical signs include mucoid ocular discharge, miosis, iris thickening, diffuse corneal oedema and ‘mutton fat’ endothelial precipitates (also known as keratic precipitates). (Courtesy of G McLellan) © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.3
Anterior uveitis in a cat with FIP. Clinical signs include mucoid ocular discharge, miosis, iris thickening, diffuse corneal oedema and ‘mutton fat’ endothelial precipitates (also known as keratic precipitates). (Courtesy of G McLellan)
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20.4
Active chorioretinitis in a cat with FIP. The condition was bilateral. The retinal venules are mildly thickened and tortuous, and multiple hyporeflective inflammatory foci are evident within the retina. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.4
Active chorioretinitis in a cat with FIP. The condition was bilateral. The retinal venules are mildly thickened and tortuous, and multiple hyporeflective inflammatory foci are evident within the retina.
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20.5
Fundus of a cat with FIP. The condition was bilateral. The retinal venules are markedly thickened and tortuous with segmentation or ‘box-carring’ due to serum hyperviscosity (thin arrows). The inferior retinal blood vessels appear out of focus owing to retinal detachment (thick arrows). A large white perivascular effusion is visible overlying a retinal venule (arrowhead). Areas of subretinal effusion are visible adjacent to the optic nerve head (*). © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.5
Fundus of a cat with FIP. The condition was bilateral. The retinal venules are markedly thickened and tortuous with segmentation or ‘box-carring’ due to serum hyperviscosity (thin arrows). The inferior retinal blood vessels appear out of focus owing to retinal detachment (thick arrows). A large white perivascular effusion is visible overlying a retinal venule (arrowhead). Areas of subretinal effusion are visible adjacent to the optic nerve head (*).
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20.6
Lymphoma infiltration of the iris and anterior chamber in an FeLV-positive cat. Note the marked pupil asymmetry. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.6
Lymphoma infiltration of the iris and anterior chamber in an FeLV-positive cat. Note the marked pupil asymmetry.
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20.7
Presumed lymphoma infiltration of the fundus in a cat diagnosed with ocular and CNS lymphoma. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.7
Presumed lymphoma infiltration of the fundus in a cat diagnosed with ocular and CNS lymphoma.
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20.8
Mycobacterium malmoense infection in a cat, which involves the cornea and anterior chamber of both eyes. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.8
Mycobacterium malmoense infection in a cat, which involves the cornea and anterior chamber of both eyes.
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20.9
Cryptococcosis in a cat. Bilateral fundus changes, consisting of multiple subretinal pyogranulomatous infiltrates and partial retinal detachment, are present. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.9
Cryptococcosis in a cat. Bilateral fundus changes, consisting of multiple subretinal pyogranulomatous infiltrates and partial retinal detachment, are present.
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20.10
Extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage in a Staffordshire Bull Terrier with Angiostrongylus vasorum infestation. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.10
Extensive subconjunctival haemorrhage in a Staffordshire Bull Terrier with Angiostrongylus vasorum infestation.
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20.11
Angiostrongylus vasorum larva (arrowed) within the anterior chamber of a Cocker Spaniel presenting with severe anterior uveitis. A goniolens has been placed on the cornea to allow visualization of the iridocorneal drainage angle, from which the parasite is seen emerging. The iris (*) and pupil (arrowhead) are shown for orientation. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.11
Angiostrongylus vasorum larva (arrowed) within the anterior chamber of a Cocker Spaniel presenting with severe anterior uveitis. A goniolens has been placed on the cornea to allow visualization of the iridocorneal drainage angle, from which the parasite is seen emerging. The iris (*) and pupil (arrowhead) are shown for orientation.
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20.12
FCRD presumed to be due to taurine deficiency. (Courtesy of S Crispin) © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.12
FCRD presumed to be due to taurine deficiency. (Courtesy of S Crispin)
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20.13
Papilloedema, neovascularization of the optic nerve head and blood vessel tortuosity in a cat affected with thiamine deficiency. (Courtesy of S Crispin) © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.13
Papilloedema, neovascularization of the optic nerve head and blood vessel tortuosity in a cat affected with thiamine deficiency. (Courtesy of S Crispin)
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20.14
Punctate hypocalcaemic cataract in a hypoparathyroid dog. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.14
Punctate hypocalcaemic cataract in a hypoparathyroid dog.
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20.15
Hyperviscosity syndrome in a dog with polycythaemia. Note the pronounced thickening, tortuosity and darkening of the retinal blood vessels. (Courtesy of S Crispin) © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.15
Hyperviscosity syndrome in a dog with polycythaemia. Note the pronounced thickening, tortuosity and darkening of the retinal blood vessels. (Courtesy of S Crispin)
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20.16
Hyperlipidaemia in association with cataract and lens-induced uveitis in a mixed-breed dog. In the left eye, lipid within the aqueous humour has settled in the inferior anterior chamber. (Courtesy of G McLellan) © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.16
Hyperlipidaemia in association with cataract and lens-induced uveitis in a mixed-breed dog. In the left eye, lipid within the aqueous humour has settled in the inferior anterior chamber. (Courtesy of G McLellan)
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20.17
Hypertensive chorioretinopathy in a cat. Note the multiple bullous retinal detachments and mild tortuosity of the superficial arterioles. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.17
Hypertensive chorioretinopathy in a cat. Note the multiple bullous retinal detachments and mild tortuosity of the superficial arterioles.
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20.18
(a) Left eye and (b) right eye of a dog showing lymphoma infiltrating the iris and anterior chamber with secondary uveitis and hyphaema. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.18
(a) Left eye and (b) right eye of a dog showing lymphoma infiltrating the iris and anterior chamber with secondary uveitis and hyphaema.
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20.19
UVD in a 2-year-old Akita. (a) Depigmentation and erosive lesions of the planum nasale and eyelid margins are evident, along with (b) bilateral retinal detachment. © 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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20.19
UVD in a 2-year-old Akita. (a) Depigmentation and erosive lesions of the planum nasale and eyelid margins are evident, along with (b) bilateral retinal detachment.