Shoulder lameness, although a common condition in the dog, can be difficult to localize. Even when the lameness has been localized to the shoulder, identifying the precise cause can be frustrating. Occasionally it will difficult to determine the whether a specific structure is normal or abnormal. Numerous anatomical variants of the skeletal system exist that can easily be diagnosed erroneously as disease. In such cases, it is often helpful to take a radiograph of the contralateral shoulder for comparison or to consult radiographs of other animals of similar age and breed. This chapter covers indications; radiography; normal anatomy; contrast studies; alternative imaging techniques and abnormal image findings.