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- Author: Bob Doneley
- From: BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice
- Item: Chapter 4, pp 54 - 67
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443323.4
- Copyright: © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2018
Abstract
This chapter gives a sound foundation in avian reproduction, to provide the clinician with the necessary tools to work-up and diagnose reproductive problems, and then to treat them. Common issues discussed include egg binding, yolk peritonitis, gonadal neoplasia, excessive egg laying, aggression and fertility and production problems in breeding facilities.
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Figures
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4.1
Sex chromosomes in mammals and birds. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.1
Sex chromosomes in mammals and birds.
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4.2
(a) Delayed sexual dimorphism is seen in this pair of Alexandrine Parakeets (left, male; right, female). (b) Sexual dimorphism is illustrated in this pair of Eclectus Parrots (hen on the left). © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.2
(a) Delayed sexual dimorphism is seen in this pair of Alexandrine Parakeets (left, male; right, female). (b) Sexual dimorphism is illustrated in this pair of Eclectus Parrots (hen on the left).
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4.3
Endoscopic (surgical) sex determination. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.3
Endoscopic (surgical) sex determination.
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4.5
(a) This pair of Little Lorikeets are engaged in courtship feeding. (b) The typical seed diet fed to many birds is an essential supplementary factor driving reproductive behaviour. (c) This pair of Little Lorikeets have synchronized their proximate factors to result in mating. (d) Disturbance of this Musk Lorikeet’s nest site (e.g. by a predator) is likely to disrupt breeding behaviour, resulting in abandonment of the nest site or loss of interest in breeding. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.5
(a) This pair of Little Lorikeets are engaged in courtship feeding. (b) The typical seed diet fed to many birds is an essential supplementary factor driving reproductive behaviour. (c) This pair of Little Lorikeets have synchronized their proximate factors to result in mating. (d) Disturbance of this Musk Lorikeet’s nest site (e.g. by a predator) is likely to disrupt breeding behaviour, resulting in abandonment of the nest site or loss of interest in breeding.
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4.6
Artificial incubation of parrot eggs. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.6
Artificial incubation of parrot eggs.
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4.7
A newly hatched Cockatiel chick in an incubator tray. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.7
A newly hatched Cockatiel chick in an incubator tray.
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4.8
Hand-reared Moluccan Cockatoo chicks. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.8
Hand-reared Moluccan Cockatoo chicks.
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4.9
Orchitis due to salmonellosis in a domestic pigeon. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.9
Orchitis due to salmonellosis in a domestic pigeon.
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4.10
Paresis due to testicular neoplasia in a Budgerigar. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.10
Paresis due to testicular neoplasia in a Budgerigar.
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4.11
Ovarian cyst in a Budgerigar. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.11
Ovarian cyst in a Budgerigar.
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4.12
Ovarian neoplasia in a Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.12
Ovarian neoplasia in a Sulphur-crested Cockatoo.
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4.13
Pyometra in a Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.13
Pyometra in a Sulphur-crested Cockatoo.
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4.14
Coelomic distension associated with yolk peritonitis (post-mortem examination). © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.14
Coelomic distension associated with yolk peritonitis (post-mortem examination).
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4.15
(a) Egg binding with two eggs in a Cockatiel. (b) Soft-shelled egg. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.15
(a) Egg binding with two eggs in a Cockatiel. (b) Soft-shelled egg.
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4.16
Oviduct prolapse in a Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo. Note the characteristic mucosal folds of the oviduct. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.16
Oviduct prolapse in a Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo. Note the characteristic mucosal folds of the oviduct.
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4.17
Chronic egg laying in a Cockatiel. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.17
Chronic egg laying in a Cockatiel.
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4.18
Placing a deslorelin implant. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.18
Placing a deslorelin implant.
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4.19
(a) Feather care is a self-maintenance behaviour. (b) Gang-gang Cockatoo displaying territorial behaviour – the direct eye contact and the outspread wings are a warning to intruders that an attack is imminent if the intruder does not withdraw. Whether this attack occurs will depend on the individual bird and circumstance. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.19
(a) Feather care is a self-maintenance behaviour. (b) Gang-gang Cockatoo displaying territorial behaviour – the direct eye contact and the outspread wings are a warning to intruders that an attack is imminent if the intruder does not withdraw. Whether this attack occurs will depend on the individual bird and circumstance.
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4.20
Feather-destructive Galah. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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4.20
Feather-destructive Galah.