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Leishmaniosis (leishmaniasis) is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoan parasite that is spread by phlebotomine sand-flies. In Europe, canine leishmaniosis is predominantly caused by Leishmania infantum, although other species (L. tropica, L. major) have occasionally been reported. Leishmania can be transmitted to humans, primarily via sand-fly bite, but transmission from infected dogs is thought to be extremely uncommon.Last reviewed 2023.
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