Presentations and differentials for urinary incontinence

• Identify the common signalment associated with different causes of urolithiasis
• Learn the key differential diagnoses for urinary incontinence in dogs
• Identify essential elements of a clinical history in canine urinary incontinence

Investigating urinary incontinence: how do we confirm our suspicions

• Utilise clinical history to increase the index of suspicion for urinary incontinence
• Identify a suitable diagnostic process to investigate urinary incontinence
• Introduce the use of profilometry as a method of confirming urinary sphincter mechanism incompetence