Companion collection - How to...

 Capnography is relatively simple to perform and is very useful to monitor patients under general anaesthesia. Karen Walsh explores the complex wave forms and how to interpret them.

 Radiotherapy is an important and increasingly available treatment for neoplastic conditions in veterinary practice. Sarah Mason discusses its use for the management of canine oral tumours.

 The equipment, resources and methodology required to perform this tricky procedure.

 Reptiles are considered difficult to anaesthetize but with careful preparation and a good understanding of the physiology, any of the common reptiles seen in practice should be able to be anaesthetized.

Part 1 of this How to… concentrated on gathering information by observing the patient. Part 2 is about the hands-on neurological examination.

  Spinal radiography can be used to diagnose many osseous and some soft tissue spinal lesions. Victoria Doyle discusses the technique’s uses and limitations, and how to interpret the radiographs.

  Neck pain is common in dogs and can be associated with many different conditions. Causes, clinical signs diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Jon Wray describes the identification and interpretation of common ECG abnormalities.

Corneal ulcers are relatively common and while most heal within days, some do not. The reasons for this and an explanation of the management of the condition are discussed.

Vascular access is a vital skill in small animal practice and while generally straightforward in a healthy animal it can be more challenging in very small or debilitated patients, or when long-term access is needed. Nele van den Steen describes the process.