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Thrombosis
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781905319732.chap31
Thrombosis
- Author: Stephanie A. Smith
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Haematology and Transfusion Medicine
- Item: Chapter 31, pp 272 - 279
- DOI: 10.22233/9781905319732.31
- Copyright: © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2012
Abstract
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within the cardiovascular system, while thromboembolism describes a thrombus that has travelled through the vasculature and caused partial or complete obstruction of a vascular lumen. Thrombosis and thromboembolism occur as a consequence of derangements in the haemostatic system. This chapter looks at pathophysiology; causes of thrombosis: specific disorders with increased risk of thrombosis or thromboembolism; clinical signs; diagnosis; therapy; prognosis.
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Figures
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31.1
Echocardiographic image from a cat with cardiac disease. Note the ball thrombus (arrows) within the enlarged left atrium (LA). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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31.1
Echocardiographic image from a cat with cardiac disease. Note the ball thrombus (arrows) within the enlarged left atrium (LA).
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31.2
Post-mortem specimen from a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that died during an acute arterial thromboembolic episode. Note the large thrombus located at the aortic trifurcation. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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31.2
Post-mortem specimen from a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that died during an acute arterial thromboembolic episode. Note the large thrombus located at the aortic trifurcation.
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31.4
Nuclear scintigraphy can be used to evaluate perfusion in patients suspected of having thrombosis or thromboembolism. (a) A perfusion scan evaluating pulmonary perfusion in a cat with an acute onset of dyspnoea. The associated ventilation scan indicated normal ventilation in both lungs. Note the complete absence of perfusion to the right lung. (b) A perfusion scan evaluating flow to the limbs of a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and acute onset paralysis of the right rear limb with paresis of the left rear limb. The dot marked with the arrow indicates the location of the end of the toes. Note the loss of perfusion to the distal portion of the right rear limb. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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31.4
Nuclear scintigraphy can be used to evaluate perfusion in patients suspected of having thrombosis or thromboembolism. (a) A perfusion scan evaluating pulmonary perfusion in a cat with an acute onset of dyspnoea. The associated ventilation scan indicated normal ventilation in both lungs. Note the complete absence of perfusion to the right lung. (b) A perfusion scan evaluating flow to the limbs of a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and acute onset paralysis of the right rear limb with paresis of the left rear limb. The dot marked with the arrow indicates the location of the end of the toes. Note the loss of perfusion to the distal portion of the right rear limb.
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31.5
Tissue necrosis in a cat with a femoral arterial thromboembolism. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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31.5
Tissue necrosis in a cat with a femoral arterial thromboembolism.