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Abnormal or loose droppings
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443323.chap24
Abnormal or loose droppings
- Author: Jean-Michel Hatt
- From: BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice
- Item: Chapter 24, pp 339 - 349
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443323.24
- Copyright: © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2018
Abstract
Abnormal droppings, and a decreased appetite, are probably the most frequent first clinical signs of gastrointestinal tract disease. This chapter provides information on the normal appearance of droppings and a systematic approach to diagnosis of the underlying conditions causing diarrhoea. Case examples: African Grey Parrot with green, malodorous, voluminous faeces; Hawk-headed Parrot with haematochezia; Cockatiel with biliverdinuria.
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Figures
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24.1
Normal (right) versus abnormal excreta (left) from a Blue-fronted Amazon. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.1
Normal (right) versus abnormal excreta (left) from a Blue-fronted Amazon.
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24.3
Diurnal birds of prey typically expel excreta horizontally backwards. (Courtesy of Andreas Lischke) © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.3
Diurnal birds of prey typically expel excreta horizontally backwards. (Courtesy of Andreas Lischke)
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24.7
Vent of an African Grey Parrot with staining and tissue protruding from a neoplasia. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.7
Vent of an African Grey Parrot with staining and tissue protruding from a neoplasia.
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24.9
Normal excreta in a granivorous bird, the urates are white and creamy. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.9
Normal excreta in a granivorous bird, the urates are white and creamy.
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24.10
Normal excreta of a Great Horned Owl. Note the large amount of urates. (Courtesy of Andreas Lischke) © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.10
Normal excreta of a Great Horned Owl. Note the large amount of urates. (Courtesy of Andreas Lischke)
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24.11
Ascarids in the loose droppings of an Amazon parrot. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.11
Ascarids in the loose droppings of an Amazon parrot.
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24.12
Seeds that have fallen on to the excreta might be mistaken for undigested seeds, as seen with certain diseases such as proventricular dilatation disease. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.12
Seeds that have fallen on to the excreta might be mistaken for undigested seeds, as seen with certain diseases such as proventricular dilatation disease.
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24.13
Gram stain of the faeces of a Budgerigar, showing overgrowth of Gram-negative bacteria and two Macrorhabdus ornithogaster organisms. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.13
Gram stain of the faeces of a Budgerigar, showing overgrowth of Gram-negative bacteria and two Macrorhabdus ornithogaster organisms.
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24.14
Macaw with proventricular dilatation disease. The crop and the proventriculus are severely distended and filled with gas. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.14
Macaw with proventricular dilatation disease. The crop and the proventriculus are severely distended and filled with gas.
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24.15
(a) Ventrodorsal and (b) laterolateral views showing contrast radiography with barium sulphate which has been performed at different time intervals to reveal a reduced gastrointestinal transit time. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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24.15
(a) Ventrodorsal and (b) laterolateral views showing contrast radiography with barium sulphate which has been performed at different time intervals to reveal a reduced gastrointestinal transit time.
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Increased number of Gram-negative rods.
Increased number of Gram-negative rods. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Increased number of Gram-negative rods.
Increased number of Gram-negative rods.
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(a) Ventrodorsal and (b) laterolateral views show a mildly enlarged proventriculus.
(a) Ventrodorsal and (b) laterolateral views show a mildly enlarged proventriculus. © 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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(a) Ventrodorsal and (b) laterolateral views show a mildly enlarged proventriculus.
(a) Ventrodorsal and (b) laterolateral views show a mildly enlarged proventriculus.
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© 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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