The normal spleen in dogs is an elongated flattened organ, which is triangular in cross section. In cats it is more ovoid in cross section. The spleen is located in the left hypogastric region and has dorsal (‘head’) and ventral (‘tail’) extremities. The head of the spleen is located in the dorsal cranial left abdomen, attached to the fundus of the stomach by the gastroepiploic ligament, through which the left gastroepiploic and short gastric arteries and veins course.The body and tail of the spleen exhibit greater mobility, are usually very superficial, and variably located in the mid-to ventral abdomen. On ventrodorsal (VD) radiographs, the head of the spleen is seen as a triangular soft tissue opacity along the left body wall, caudal and lateral to the fundus of the stomach and cranial to the left kidney, in both the dog and cat. The cranial-caudal position may change depending on body position, degree of distension of the stomach and splenic size. On the VD view, the body and tail of the spleen may be oriented parallel to the long axis of the body, adjacent to the left lateral body wall, or to the right, perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Often the body and tail regions are poorly visualized due to superimposition with other structures. The following are addressed: Normal radiographic anatomy; Ultrasonography; Overview of additional imaging modalities; and Splenic diseases.