Malassezia dermatitis

Tim Nuttall

doi:10.22233/9781905319886.25

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 198 (2012); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781905319886.25

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Malassezia dermatitis

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Author: Tim Nuttall
From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dermatology
Item: Chapter 25, pp 198 - 205
DOI: 10.22233/9781905319886.25
Copyright: © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: September 2012

Abstract

PLEASE NOTE A NEW 4TH EDITION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED AND IS AVAILABLE IN THE LIBRARY AND IN PRINT

Malassezia are commonly found on the skin of most mammals. Opportunistic skin and ear infections involving Malassezia frequently complicate many skin conditions. Prompt identification and effective treatment is therefore important. The following are considered: Malassezia species and ecology; Virulence factors and host susceptibility; Zoonotic potential; Clinical presentation; Diagnostic tests; and Treatment.

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Figures

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25.1

The characteristic ‘peanut’, ‘Russian doll’ or ‘snowman’ shapes of budding Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a dog. (Diff-Quik® stain; original magnification x1000) © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.1 The characteristic ‘peanut’, ‘Russian doll’ or ‘snowman’ shapes of budding Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a dog. (Diff-Quik® stain; original magnification x1000)

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25.2

The frequency of Malassezia colonization of different body sites in atopic dogs (modified from Nardoni et al., 2007 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and is printed with her permission. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.2 The frequency of Malassezia colonization of different body sites in atopic dogs (modified from Nardoni et al., 2007 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and is printed with her permission.

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25.4

German Shepherd Dog suffering from severe atopic dermatitis and secondary Malassezia dermatitis. The dog responded well to twice weekly bathing with a 2% chlorhexidine/2% miconazole shampoo and 5 mg/kg orally q24h ciclosporin. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.4 German Shepherd Dog suffering from severe atopic dermatitis and secondary Malassezia dermatitis. The dog responded well to twice weekly bathing with a 2% chlorhexidine/2% miconazole shampoo and 5 mg/kg orally q24h ciclosporin.

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25.5

(a) Erythema, alopecia and scaling of the foot in a Boxer with Malassezia dermatitis secondary to hyperadrenocorticism. The skin was also greasy and malodorous. (b) Chronic Malassezia dermatitis of the ventral neck in an atopic Staffordshire Bull Terrier. The affected skin is erythematous, alopecic, lichenified and seborrhoeic. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.5 (a) Erythema, alopecia and scaling of the foot in a Boxer with Malassezia dermatitis secondary to hyperadrenocorticism. The skin was also greasy and malodorous. (b) Chronic Malassezia dermatitis of the ventral neck in an atopic Staffordshire Bull Terrier. The affected skin is erythematous, alopecic, lichenified and seborrhoeic.

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25.6

Erythemato-ceruminous Malassezia otitis externa in a Weimeraner with an cutaneous adverse food reaction. Note the diffuse erythema of the ventral pinna and dark brown waxy discharge around the opening the vertical ear canal. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.6 Erythemato-ceruminous Malassezia otitis externa in a Weimeraner with an cutaneous adverse food reaction. Note the diffuse erythema of the ventral pinna and dark brown waxy discharge around the opening the vertical ear canal.

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25.7

(a) Idiopathic facial dermatitis in a Persian cat. This condition is often associated with Malassezia dermatitis, although even aggressive topical or systemic anti-Malassezia treatment appears to have little clinical impact. (b) Generalized alopecia and scaling associated with Malassezia overgrowth in a Domestic Shorthaired cat with lymphocytic mural folliculitis. Generalized exfoliative Malassezia dermatitis in cats is often associated with severe systemic disease. However, the mural folliculitis and Malassezia dermatitis in this cat resolved spontaneously. (c) Build up of brown waxy material on the proximal claw of a cat, associated with Malassezia paronychitis. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.7 (a) Idiopathic facial dermatitis in a Persian cat. This condition is often associated with Malassezia dermatitis, although even aggressive topical or systemic anti-Malassezia treatment appears to have little clinical impact. (b) Generalized alopecia and scaling associated with Malassezia overgrowth in a Domestic Shorthaired cat with lymphocytic mural folliculitis. Generalized exfoliative Malassezia dermatitis in cats is often associated with severe systemic disease. However, the mural folliculitis and Malassezia dermatitis in this cat resolved spontaneously. (c) Build up of brown waxy material on the proximal claw of a cat, associated with Malassezia paronychitis.

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25.8

Impression smear from a dog stained with the Diff-Quik® basophilic stain (pot 3) only. The Malassezia organisms have clearly stained well but note the monochrome image. Compare with Figures 25.1 and 25.9 , which have been stained with both the eosinophilic (pot 2) and basophilic stains. (Original magnification x400) © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.8 Impression smear from a dog stained with the Diff-Quik® basophilic stain (pot 3) only. The Malassezia organisms have clearly stained well but note the monochrome image. Compare with Figures 25.1 and 25.9 , which have been stained with both the eosinophilic (pot 2) and basophilic stains. (Original magnification x400)

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25.9

Malassezia pachydermatis isolated on a stained tape strip preparation from a dog. This sample was stained with the eosinophilic (pot 2) and basophilic (pot 3) Diff-Quik® stains. Compare the staining with that in Figure 25.8 , where the preparation was stained with only the basophilic stain. (Original magnification x400) © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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25.9 Malassezia pachydermatis isolated on a stained tape strip preparation from a dog. This sample was stained with the eosinophilic (pot 2) and basophilic (pot 3) Diff-Quik® stains. Compare the staining with that in Figure 25.8 , where the preparation was stained with only the basophilic stain. (Original magnification x400)