Pituitary dwarfism

Annemarie M.W.Y. Voorbij; Hans S. Kooistra

doi:10.22233/9781905319893.4

Pituitary dwarfism

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 28 (2012); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781905319893.4

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Pituitary dwarfism

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Authors: Annemarie M.W.Y. Voorbij and Hans S. Kooistra
From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology
Item: Chapter 4, pp 28 - 34
DOI: 10.22233/9781905319893.4
Copyright: © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: January 2012

Abstract

Dwarfism or growth retardation may be caused by several endocrine and non-endocrine causes. This chapter will concentrate on congenital growth hormone deficiency.

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Figures

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4.1

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4.1 Schematic illustration of canine pituitary gland development.

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4.2

Simplified diagram of the hypophysiotrophic regulation of the secretion of hormones in the adenohypophysis (modified from Meij, 1997 ). ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; AL = anterior lobe; AVP = arginine-vasopressin; CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone; DA = dopamine; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; GH = growth-hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; LH = luteinizing hormone; MSH = melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI = pars intermedia; PIF = prolactin inhibitory factor; PRH = prolactin-releasing hormone; PRL = prolactin; SRIF = somatotropin-releasing factor (somatostatin); TRH = thyroid-releasing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; + = stimulation; – = inhibition. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.2 Simplified diagram of the hypophysiotrophic regulation of the secretion of hormones in the adenohypophysis (modified from Meij, 1997 ). ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; AL = anterior lobe; AVP = arginine-vasopressin; CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone; DA = dopamine; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; GH = growth-hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; LH = luteinizing hormone; MSH = melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI = pars intermedia; PIF = prolactin inhibitory factor; PRH = prolactin-releasing hormone; PRL = prolactin; SRIF = somatotropin-releasing factor (somatostatin); TRH = thyroid-releasing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; + = stimulation; – = inhibition.

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4.3

Schematic illustration of the regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion. GH = growth hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; + = stimulation; – = inhibition. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.3 Schematic illustration of the regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion. GH = growth hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; + = stimulation; – = inhibition.

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4.5

A 6-month-old German Shepherd bitch with growth retardation, retention of secondary hairs (puppy coat) and lack of primary hairs due to pituitary dwarfism. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.5 A 6-month-old German Shepherd bitch with growth retardation, retention of secondary hairs (puppy coat) and lack of primary hairs due to pituitary dwarfism.

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4.6

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4.6 German Shepherd dwarf with the characteristic pointed muzzle, typical of these animals.

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4.7

Results of a GHRH stimulation test in eight German Shepherd Dogs with pituitary dwarfism (red line) and in eight adult healthy Beagles (blue line; mean ± standard error (shaded area). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.7 Results of a GHRH stimulation test in eight German Shepherd Dogs with pituitary dwarfism (red line) and in eight adult healthy Beagles (blue line; mean ± standard error (shaded area).

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4.8

Mean (± standard error) plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during a combined pituitary anterior lobe function test in eight German Shepherd dwarfs (

) and eight healthy Beagles (

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4.8 Mean (± standard error) plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during a combined pituitary anterior lobe function test in eight German Shepherd dwarfs (

) and eight healthy Beagles (

).

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4.9

Contrast-enhanced CT image of the pituitary area of a German Shepherd dwarf at 6 months of age (pituitary height 3.6 mm, pituitary width 4.3 mm). A radiolucent area with a diameter of 1.5 mm is visible in the pituitary, suggestive of a cyst (arrowed). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.9 Contrast-enhanced CT image of the pituitary area of a German Shepherd dwarf at 6 months of age (pituitary height 3.6 mm, pituitary width 4.3 mm). A radiolucent area with a diameter of 1.5 mm is visible in the pituitary, suggestive of a cyst (arrowed).