Pituitary dwarfism

Annemarie M.W.Y. Voorbij; Hans S. Kooistra

doi:10.22233/9781905319893.4

Pituitary dwarfism

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 28 (2012); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781905319893.4

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Pituitary dwarfism

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Authors: Annemarie M.W.Y. Voorbij and Hans S. Kooistra
From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology
Item: Chapter 4, pp 28 - 34
DOI: 10.22233/9781905319893.4
Copyright: © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: January 2012

Abstract

PLEASE NOTE. THE NEW 5TH EDITION OF THE BSAVA MANUAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY IS NOW AVAILABLE HERE.

Dwarfism or growth retardation may be caused by several endocrine and non-endocrine causes. This chapter will concentrate on congenital growth hormone deficiency.

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Figures

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4.1

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4.1 Schematic illustration of canine pituitary gland development.

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4.2

Simplified diagram of the hypophysiotrophic regulation of the secretion of hormones in the adenohypophysis (modified from Meij, 1997 ). ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; AL = anterior lobe; AVP = arginine-vasopressin; CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone; DA = dopamine; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; GH = growth-hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; LH = luteinizing hormone; MSH = melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI = pars intermedia; PIF = prolactin inhibitory factor; PRH = prolactin-releasing hormone; PRL = prolactin; SRIF = somatotropin-releasing factor (somatostatin); TRH = thyroid-releasing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; + = stimulation; – = inhibition. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.2 Simplified diagram of the hypophysiotrophic regulation of the secretion of hormones in the adenohypophysis (modified from Meij, 1997 ). ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; AL = anterior lobe; AVP = arginine-vasopressin; CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone; DA = dopamine; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; GH = growth-hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; LH = luteinizing hormone; MSH = melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI = pars intermedia; PIF = prolactin inhibitory factor; PRH = prolactin-releasing hormone; PRL = prolactin; SRIF = somatotropin-releasing factor (somatostatin); TRH = thyroid-releasing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; + = stimulation; – = inhibition.

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4.3

Schematic illustration of the regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion. GH = growth hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; + = stimulation; – = inhibition. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.3 Schematic illustration of the regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion. GH = growth hormone; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; + = stimulation; – = inhibition.

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4.5

A 6-month-old German Shepherd bitch with growth retardation, retention of secondary hairs (puppy coat) and lack of primary hairs due to pituitary dwarfism. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.5 A 6-month-old German Shepherd bitch with growth retardation, retention of secondary hairs (puppy coat) and lack of primary hairs due to pituitary dwarfism.

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4.6

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4.6 German Shepherd dwarf with the characteristic pointed muzzle, typical of these animals.

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4.7

Results of a GHRH stimulation test in eight German Shepherd Dogs with pituitary dwarfism (red line) and in eight adult healthy Beagles (blue line; mean ± standard error (shaded area). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.7 Results of a GHRH stimulation test in eight German Shepherd Dogs with pituitary dwarfism (red line) and in eight adult healthy Beagles (blue line; mean ± standard error (shaded area).

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4.8

Mean (± standard error) plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during a combined pituitary anterior lobe function test in eight German Shepherd dwarfs (

) and eight healthy Beagles (

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4.8 Mean (± standard error) plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during a combined pituitary anterior lobe function test in eight German Shepherd dwarfs (

) and eight healthy Beagles (

).

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4.9

Contrast-enhanced CT image of the pituitary area of a German Shepherd dwarf at 6 months of age (pituitary height 3.6 mm, pituitary width 4.3 mm). A radiolucent area with a diameter of 1.5 mm is visible in the pituitary, suggestive of a cyst (arrowed). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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4.9 Contrast-enhanced CT image of the pituitary area of a German Shepherd dwarf at 6 months of age (pituitary height 3.6 mm, pituitary width 4.3 mm). A radiolucent area with a diameter of 1.5 mm is visible in the pituitary, suggestive of a cyst (arrowed).