17.8(a) DV view of a normal anuran obtained with a dental machine. (b) Lateral view of a normal White’s tree frog. (c) Pneumonia in a bullfrog. (c, Courtesy of B. Levine.)
17.9Ultrasonography of anurans. (a) Using a 5 MHz convex probe on a White’s tree frog will show the beating heart and the presence of eggs, but a higher frequency probe (e.g. 7.5–8 MHz) will give far better diagnostic detail. (b) A transparent container with a small amount of gel for the anuran to sit on, as well as gel on the probe on the other side of the container, allows minimal restraint for stressed or debilitated patients for a quick assessment of the coelomic cavity.
17.15Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a horned frog. Note the deformities of the cortices of the long bones, including the pathological fracture in the extended forelimb. There is poor definition of the pelvis. (Courtesy of M. Conn.)