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Passerine birds: going light
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443101.chap35
Passerine birds: going light
- Author: Ron Rees Davies
- From: BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Passerine Birds
- Item: Chapter 35, pp 365 - 369
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443101.35
- Copyright: © 2008 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: January 2008
Abstract
‘Going light’ is a term used by breeders of passerine birds for those that are losing body condition with a few (or often no) outward signs. This chapter looks at macrorhabdus ornithogaster; coccidial diseases and general recommendations.
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Figures
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35.2
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (megabacterium) in a proventricular smear.Gram stain. © 2008 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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35.2
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (megabacterium) in a proventricular smear.Gram stain.
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35.3
The life cycle of a passerine intestinal coccidian species, such as Isospora canaria. (1) Infective oocysts are ingested. (2) Three asexual generations and one sexual reproductive generation occur in the duodenal epithelium. (3) Unsporulated oocysts appear in the faeces 4–5 days after infection and continue to be shed for 13 days. (4) After several days outside the host the oocysts sporulate and are then infective. (C = crop; P = proventriculus; V = ventriculus; Lu = lung; Li = liver; S = spleen; Int = intestine). © 2008 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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35.3
The life cycle of a passerine intestinal coccidian species, such as Isospora canaria. (1) Infective oocysts are ingested. (2) Three asexual generations and one sexual reproductive generation occur in the duodenal epithelium. (3) Unsporulated oocysts appear in the faeces 4–5 days after infection and continue to be shed for 13 days. (4) After several days outside the host the oocysts sporulate and are then infective. (C = crop; P = proventriculus; V = ventriculus; Lu = lung; Li = liver; S = spleen; Int = intestine).
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35.4
Unidentified Isospora oocysts in an unstained faecal smear. © 2008 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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35.4
Unidentified Isospora oocysts in an unstained faecal smear.
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35.5
The life cycle of a passerine systemic coccidian species such as Isospora serini (‘atoxoplasma’). (1) Infective oocysts are ingested. (2) Sporocysts cross the small intestine wall and enter circulating phagocytes. (3) Infected phagocytes spread through the body, particularly to the liver and spleen. Five asexual reproduction cycles take place. (4) The organism returns to the intestinal epithelium, probably through being coughed up and swallowed. (5) Two further asexual and one sexual generations occur in the intestinal epithelium. (6) Unsporulated oocysts begin to be shed in faeces 9–10 days after initial infection. (7) After several days sporulation occurs and the oocysts are now infective. (C = crop; P = proventriculus; V = ventriculus; Lu = lung; Li = liver; S = spleen; Int = intestine). © 2008 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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35.5
The life cycle of a passerine systemic coccidian species such as Isospora serini (‘atoxoplasma’). (1) Infective oocysts are ingested. (2) Sporocysts cross the small intestine wall and enter circulating phagocytes. (3) Infected phagocytes spread through the body, particularly to the liver and spleen. Five asexual reproduction cycles take place. (4) The organism returns to the intestinal epithelium, probably through being coughed up and swallowed. (5) Two further asexual and one sexual generations occur in the intestinal epithelium. (6) Unsporulated oocysts begin to be shed in faeces 9–10 days after initial infection. (7) After several days sporulation occurs and the oocysts are now infective. (C = crop; P = proventriculus; V = ventriculus; Lu = lung; Li = liver; S = spleen; Int = intestine).