Mediastinal masses and other thoracic surgery

William Lewis

doi:10.22233/9781910443163.19

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 257 (2013); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781910443163.19

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Mediastinal masses and other thoracic surgery

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Author: William Lewis
From: BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Surgery, Dentistry and Imaging
Item: Chapter 19, pp 257 - 268
DOI: 10.22233/9781910443163.19
Copyright: © 2013 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: January 2013

Abstract

Rabbits have small thoracic cavities compared to dogs and cats; the thoracic cavity of a rabbit is also much smaller than its abdominal cavity. This chapter discusses considerations for thoracic surgery in rabbits versus cats and dogs; diagnosis of surgical thoracic disease; indications for thoracic surgery; and principles of thoracic surgery. Operative Techniques: Median sternotomy for thymoma removal; Lung lobectomy via lateral thoracotomy; Placing a chest drain.

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19.1

(a) A 5-year-old neutered doe with thymoma, prior to surgery, showing exophthalmos and protrusion of the superficial gland of the third eyelid. (b) After surgery for the thymoma the exophthalmos has been resolved but the gland is still prolapsed. © 2013 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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19.1 (a) A 5-year-old neutered doe with thymoma, prior to surgery, showing exophthalmos and protrusion of the superficial gland of the third eyelid. (b) After surgery for the thymoma the exophthalmos has been resolved but the gland is still prolapsed.

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19.2

Radiographic appearance of a thymoma in a 6-year-old rabbit. Lateral and dorsoventral views show a large space-occupying mass in the cranial thoracic cavity. Note the elevation and constriction of the trachea in (a) and the restricted lung volume on both views. © 2013 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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19.2 Radiographic appearance of a thymoma in a 6-year-old rabbit. Lateral and dorsoventral views show a large space-occupying mass in the cranial thoracic cavity. Note the elevation and constriction of the trachea in (a) and the restricted lung volume on both views.

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19.3

Ultrasound image of a thymoma in an 8-year-old male neutered rabbit. There was a large hypoechoic cystic structure within it, which was drained with a needle as soon as the mass was surgically exposed. It was not drained prior to surgery because of the risk of leakage of tumour cells through the puncture hole into the mediastinal cavity. (Courtesy of Frances Harcourt-Brown) © 2013 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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19.3 Ultrasound image of a thymoma in an 8-year-old male neutered rabbit. There was a large hypoechoic cystic structure within it, which was drained with a needle as soon as the mass was surgically exposed. It was not drained prior to surgery because of the risk of leakage of tumour cells through the puncture hole into the mediastinal cavity. (Courtesy of Frances Harcourt-Brown)

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19.5

Sebaceous adenitis in a 5-year-old male neutered rabbit with a thymoma. Following surgical removal of the tumour the sebaceous adenitis improved, but it relapsed when thymoma recurred 2 years later. (Courtesy of Frances Harcourt-Brown) © 2013 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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19.5 Sebaceous adenitis in a 5-year-old male neutered rabbit with a thymoma. Following surgical removal of the tumour the sebaceous adenitis improved, but it relapsed when thymoma recurred 2 years later. (Courtesy of Frances Harcourt-Brown)

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19.6

(a) A thymoma that has been surgically removed. Such masses should be submitted for histopathology.(b) A second, recurrent mass removed from the same rabbit 1 year after the initial surgery was more infiltrative and less well defined. © 2013 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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19.6 (a) A thymoma that has been surgically removed. Such masses should be submitted for histopathology.(b) A second, recurrent mass removed from the same rabbit 1 year after the initial surgery was more infiltrative and less well defined.

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19.7

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19.7 Excised lung lobes containing caseous pus.

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Patient clipped and prepared for surgery. The forelimbs will be extended and tied securely.

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Patient clipped and prepared for surgery. The forelimbs will be extended and tied securely. Patient clipped and prepared for surgery. The forelimbs will be extended and tied securely.

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Gelpi retractors used to aid visualization of the thymoma.

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Gelpi retractors used to aid visualization of the thymoma. Gelpi retractors used to aid visualization of the thymoma.

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Chest drain in place and air being gently removed via syringe and three-way tap.

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Chest drain in place and air being gently removed via syringe and three-way tap. Chest drain in place and air being gently removed via syringe and three-way tap.

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