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Reproductive and laying disorders
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443194.chap17
Reproductive and laying disorders
- Authors: Aidan Raftery and Richard Jones
- From: BSAVA Manual of Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery
- Item: Chapter 17, pp 205 - 215
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443194.17
- Copyright: © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: September 2019
Abstract
Modern commercial chickens and ducks are able to lay all year round. This ‘chronic’ ovulation and laying activity results in the high incidence of inflammatory, neoplastic and infectious diseases of their reproductive tracts. Aside from disorders of the female and male reproductive tracts, this chapter also covers incubation, hatching, embryo and chick mortality, care of hatchlings and common paediatric problems.
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Figures
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17.1
This bird with severe ascites has adopted an upright stance to relieve pressure on its respiratory tract. (Courtesy of Ian Brown) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.1
This bird with severe ascites has adopted an upright stance to relieve pressure on its respiratory tract. (Courtesy of Ian Brown)
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17.2
Fluids administered via gavage tubing using a lamb feeder tube. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.2
Fluids administered via gavage tubing using a lamb feeder tube.
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17.3
(a–c) Intravenous fluids administered into the medial metatarsal vein. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.3
(a–c) Intravenous fluids administered into the medial metatarsal vein.
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17.4
A dyspnoeic chicken is placed in a warm, humid environment with oxygen supplementation (in this case a commercially available intensive care/brooder unit). © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.4
A dyspnoeic chicken is placed in a warm, humid environment with oxygen supplementation (in this case a commercially available intensive care/brooder unit).
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17.5
Ovocentesis is performed by (a) identifying and exposing the egg at the uterovaginal opening using lubricated cotton tipped applicators and (b) inserting a large bore needle into the exposed shell and aspirating the contents. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.5
Ovocentesis is performed by (a) identifying and exposing the egg at the uterovaginal opening using lubricated cotton tipped applicators and (b) inserting a large bore needle into the exposed shell and aspirating the contents.
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17.6
Cloacal prolapse can occur secondary to dystocia, normal egg laying or a variety of disease states affecting the reproductive tract including neoplasia. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.6
Cloacal prolapse can occur secondary to dystocia, normal egg laying or a variety of disease states affecting the reproductive tract including neoplasia.
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17.7
Soft-shelled or misshapen eggs can occur due to malnutrition or infection of the shell gland. (Courtesy of Gary Mounfield) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.7
Soft-shelled or misshapen eggs can occur due to malnutrition or infection of the shell gland. (Courtesy of Gary Mounfield)
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17.8
Uterine adenocarcinoma in a laying hen. Neoplastic cells are shed from tumours in the oviduct into the abdominal cavity. They implant on the ovary, pancreas and intestine producing multiple, hard, yellow nodules as shown. (Courtesy of Alan Wren) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.8
Uterine adenocarcinoma in a laying hen. Neoplastic cells are shed from tumours in the oviduct into the abdominal cavity. They implant on the ovary, pancreas and intestine producing multiple, hard, yellow nodules as shown. (Courtesy of Alan Wren)
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17.9
Fluid drainage of oviductal hyperplastic cyst using a 23 G butterfly catheter and three-way tap. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.9
Fluid drainage of oviductal hyperplastic cyst using a 23 G butterfly catheter and three-way tap.
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17.10
Modern incubator systems use a series of timed rollers to gently turn the eggs, with appropriate heat provided topically by a warm-air-filled latex bag simulating the brooding behaviour of a hen. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.10
Modern incubator systems use a series of timed rollers to gently turn the eggs, with appropriate heat provided topically by a warm-air-filled latex bag simulating the brooding behaviour of a hen.
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17.11
An egg is candled using a focused light source to monitor embryonic development. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.11
An egg is candled using a focused light source to monitor embryonic development.
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17.12
In this case drawdown is apparent with the air cell now occupying 20–30% of the egg volume. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.12
In this case drawdown is apparent with the air cell now occupying 20–30% of the egg volume.
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17.13
Chick feeders and drinkers are preferred to open dishes, which are easily contaminated by faecal material. (Courtesy of Andy Cawthray of ChickenStreet) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.13
Chick feeders and drinkers are preferred to open dishes, which are easily contaminated by faecal material. (Courtesy of Andy Cawthray of ChickenStreet)
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17.14
Application of haemostatic clip to an unretracted yolk sac prior to removal in a newly hatched chick. © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.14
Application of haemostatic clip to an unretracted yolk sac prior to removal in a newly hatched chick.
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17.15
(a, b) Splay leg in chicks can be addressed using a rubber band ‘hobble’ as shown. (Courtesy of John Squire) © 2019 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.15
(a, b) Splay leg in chicks can be addressed using a rubber band ‘hobble’ as shown. (Courtesy of John Squire)