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  3. Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam)
Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam)
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Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam)

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This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part A: Canine and Feline. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members can join BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition. 
  1. Hardy BT ,Patterson EE ,Cloyd JM et al.(2012)Double-masked, placebo-controlled study of intravenous levetiracetam for the treatment of status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 26 ,334–340
  2. Muñana KR (2013)Management of refractory epilepsy. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 28 ,67–71
  3. Bailey KS, Dewey CW, Boothe DM et al.(2008) Levetiracetam as adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy.Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 232, 867–872
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  4. Beasley MJ and Boothe DM (2012) The pharmacokinetics of single dose extended release Keppra® with and without food in healthy adult dogs (abst)Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 26, 819
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  5. Cagnotti G, Odore R, Gardini G et al. (2018) Pharmacokinetics of rectal levetiracetam as add-on treatment in dogs affected by cluster seizures or status epilepticus.BMC Veterinary Research 14, 189 
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  6. Fredsø N, Sabers A, Toft N et al.(2016) A single-blinded phenobarbital-controlled trial of levetiracetam as mono-therapy in dogs with newly diagnosed epilepsy.Veterinary Journal 208, 44–49
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  7. Hazenfratz M and Taylor SM (2018) Recurrent seizures in cats: Treatment - which antiepileptic drugs are recommended?Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, 825–834
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  8. Kelly D, Raimondi F and Shihab N (2017) Levetiracetam monotherapy for treatment of structural epilepsy in dogs: 19 cases (2010–2015). Veterinary Record  181 , 401 
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  9. Lowrie M, Thomson S, Bessant C et al.(2017) Levetiracetam in the management of feline audiogenic reflex seizures: a randomised, controlled, open-label study.Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery  19, 200–206
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  10. Moore S, Muñana KR, Papich MG et al.(2009) The pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in dogs concurrently receivingphenobarbital. Proceedings ACVIM via VIN.com
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  11. Muñana KR, Thomas WB, Inzana KD et al.(2012) Evaluation of levetiracetam as adjunctive treatment for refractory canine epilepsy: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 26, 341–348
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  12. Packer RM, Nye G, Porter SE and Volk HA (2015) Assessment into the usage of levetiracetam in a canine epilepsy clinic.BMC Veterinary Research 11, 25
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  13. Patterson EE, Goel V, Cloyd JC et al. (2008) Intramuscular, intravenous and oral levetiracetam in dogs: safety and pharmacokinetics.Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 31, 253–258
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  14. Rohn K and Tipold A (2020) Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science  7, 169 
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  15. Volk HA, Matiasek LA, Feliu-Pascual AL et al. (2008) The efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in pharmacoresistant epileptic dogs.Veterinary Journal 176, 310–319
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