This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members canjoin BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition.
Cakir Y and Strauch SM (2005) Tricaine (MS-222) is a safe anesthetic compound compared to benzocaine and pentobarbital to induce anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Pharmacological Reports57(4), 467–474
Crook AC and Whiteman HH (2006) An evaluation of MS-222 and benzocaine as anesthetics for metamorphic and paedomorphic tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum). The American Midland Naturalist155(2), 417–421
Noga EJ (2010) Fish Disease – Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford
Ross LG and Ross B (1999) Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals. Blackwell Science, Oxford
Sneddon LU (2012) Clinical anesthesia and analgesia in fish. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine21, 32–43
Treves-Brown KM (2000) Applied Fish Pharmacology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
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