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  2. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets
  3. Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
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Enrofloxacin

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This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members can join BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition.
  1. Bregante MA, Saez P, Aramayona JJ, Fraile L, Garcia MA and Solans C (1999) Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60(9), 1111–1116
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  2. Johnson-Delaney CA (2000) Therapeutics of companion exotic marsupials. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 3(1), 173–181
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  3. Klein H, Hasselschwert D, Handt L and Kastello M (2008) A pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after oral and intramuscular dosing of enrofloxacin in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Medical Primatology 37(4), 177–183
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  4. Lightfoot TL (2000) Therapeutics of African pygmy hedgehogs and prairie dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 3(1), 155–172
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  5. Mähler M, Stünkel S, Ziegowski C and Kunstý I (1995) Inefficacy of enrofloxacin in the elimination of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits. Laboratory Animals 29(2), 192–199
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  6. Ratliff CM, Ewing JR, McLeland SM, Riedesel EA and Zaffarano BA (2018) Paradoxical vestibular syndrome secondary to temporal bone osteomyelitis and chronic otitis interna in a guinea pig (Cavia Porcellus). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 28, 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.027
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  7. Williams BH (2000) Therapeutics in ferrets. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 3(1), 131–153
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  8. Wang W, Wu Y, Li J et al. (2025). Effects of enrofloxacin administered subcutaneously or orally on the fecal microbiota of chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 52, 9–16
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  9. Flammer K, Aucoin DP and Whitt DA (1991) Intramuscular and oral disposition of enrofloxacin in African grey parrots following single and multiple doses. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 14(4), 359–366
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  10. Flammer K, Aucoin DA, Whitt DA and Prus SA (1990) Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin in African grey parrots treated with medicated water. Avian Diseases 34(4), 1017–1022
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  11. Soh HY, Tan PXY, Ng TTM, Chng HT and Xie S (2022) A critical review of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety data of antibiotics in avian species. Antibiotics 11(6), 741
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  12. Agius JE, Kimble B, Govendir M et al. (2020) Pharmacokinetic profile of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in Asian house geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus) after single-dose oral administration of enrofloxacin. Veterinary and Animal Science 9, 100116
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  13. Agius JE, Rose K, Emery JP and Phalen DN (2021) Experimental infection of Asian house geckos with Enterococcus lacertideformus demonstrates multiple disease transmission routes and the in-vivo efficacy of antibiotics. Scientific Reports 11(1), 13858
  14. Caron M, Kanda I, Mitchell M and Boyer T (2025) Effectiveness of nasal flush treatments in mycoplasma PCR-or DNA sequencing–positive tortoises. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 35(1), 40–44
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  15. Casares M and Enders F (1996) Enrofloxacin side effects in a Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus nigra). Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Conference 446–448
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  16. Giorgi M, Rota S, Giorgi T, Capasso M and Briganti A (2013) Blood concentrations of enrofloxacin and the metabolite ciprofloxacin in yellow-bellied slider turtles (Trachemys scripta scripta) after a single intracoelomic injection of enrofloxacin. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 22(2), 192–199
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  17. Griffioen JA, Lewbart GA and Papich MG (2020) Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in clinically diseased or injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), yellow‐bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), and river cooters (Pseudemys concinna). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 43(2), 222–230
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  18. Hungerford C, Spelman L and Papich M (1997) Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral and intramuscular administration in Savanna Monitors (Varanus exanthematicus). Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Conference 89–92
  19. James SB, Calle PP, Raphael BL et al. (2003) Comparison of injectable versus oral enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 13(1), 5–10 Maxwell LK (1997) Preliminary single-dose pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral and intramuscular administration in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Conference 25
  20. Prezant RM, Isaza R and Jacobson ER (1994) Plasma concentrations and disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin in Gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25, 82–87
  21. Raphael BL, Papich M and Cook RA (1994) Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after a single intramuscular injection in Indian star tortoises (Geochelone elegans). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25, 88–94
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  22. Salvadori M, De Vito V, Owen H and Giorgi M (2015) Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intracoelomic administration in Tortoises (Testudo hermanni). Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine 70(1), 45–48
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  23. Salvadori M, Vercelli C, De Vito V et al. (2017) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of a 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin intramuscular administration in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): a preliminary assessment. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 40(1), 62–69
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  24. Waxman S, Prados AP, de Lucas JJ et al. (2014) Pharmacokinetic behavior of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in Urutu pit vipers (Bothrops altematus) after intramuscular administration. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45(1), 78–85
  25. Waxman S, Prados AP, de Lucas JJ et al. (2015) Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after single intramuscular administration in South American rattlesnake (Crotalus Durissus Terrificus). Pakistan Veterinary Journal 35(4), 494–498
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  26. Young LA, Schumacher J, Papich MG and Jacobson ER (1997) Disposition of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intramuscular injection in juvenile Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28(1), 71–79
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  27. Felt S, Papich MG, Howard A et al. (2013) Tissue distribution of enrofloxacin in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 52(2), 186–188
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  28. Howard AM, Papich MG, Felt SA et al. (2010) The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 49(6), 800–804
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  29. Letcher J and Papich M (1994) Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular administration of three antibiotics in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians/American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Conference, pp.79–93
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  30. Valitutto MT, Raphael BL, Calle PP and Papich MG (2013) Tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after a single topical dose in the Coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 23(3), 69–73
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  31. Lewbart G, Vaden S, Deen J et al. (1997) Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in the red pacu (Colossoma brachypomum) after intramuscular, oral and bath administration. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20, 124–128
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  32. Scott G, Law M, Christiansen EF, Lewbart GA and Harms CA (2020) Evaluation of localized inflammatory reactions secondary to intramuscular injections of enrofloxacin in striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 51(1), 46–52
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  33. Udomkusonsri P, Arthitvong S, Klangkaew N and Kusucharit N (2007) Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) after various routes of administration. Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science 41, 62–68
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