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  2. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets
  3. Medetomidine
Medetomidine
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Medetomidine

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This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members can join BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition.
  1. Gardhouse S and Sanchez A (2022) Rabbit sedation and anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Pet Practice 25(1), 181–210 ​Giral M, García-Olmo DC, Gómez-Juárez M and Gómez de Segura IA (2014) Anaesthetic effects in the ferret of alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine or tramadol: a pilot study. Laboratory Animals 48(4), 313-320
  2. Grint NJ and Murison PJ (2008) A comparison of ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-medetomidine combinations for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 35(2), 113–121
  3. Henke J, Baumgartner C, Röltgen I, Eberspächer E and Erhardt W (2004) Anaesthesia with midazolam/medetomidine/fentanyl in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) compared to anaesthesia with xylazine/ketamine and medetomidine/ketamine. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine 51(5), 259–264
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  4. Kapaldo N and Eshar D (2022) Ferret sedation and anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 25(1), 273–296
  5. Kilic N, Özcan S and Henke J (2004) Ketamin/medetomidin-anasthesie beim hamster. Tierärztl Prax 32, 384–388
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  6. Ko JC, Heaton-Jones TG and Nicklin CF (1997) Evaluation of the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine, medetomidine-butorphanol, medetomidine-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine in ferrets. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33(5), 438–448
  7. Murphy KL, Roughan JV, Baxter MG and Flecknell PA (2010) Anaesthesia with a combination of ketamine and medetomidine in the rabbit: effect of premedication with buprenorphine. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 37(3), 222–229
  8. Orr HE, Roughan JV and Flecknell PA (2005) Assessment of ketamine and medetomidine anaesthesia in the domestic rabbit. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 32(5), 271–279
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  9. Schernthaner A, Lendl CE, Hartmann K et al. (2011) Medetomidine/midazolam/ketamine anaesthesia in ferrets: effects on cardiorespiratory parameters and evaluation of plasma drug concentrations. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 38(5), 439–450
  10. Schmitz S, Tacke S, Guth B and Henke J (2017) Repeated anaesthesia with isoflurane and medetomidine-midazolam-fentanyl in guinea pigs and its influence on physiological parameters. PLoS One 12(3), 1–22
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  11. Sandmeier P (2000) Evaluation of medetomidine for short-term immobilization of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and Amazon parrots (Amazona species). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 14(1), 8–14
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  12. Došenović M, Radaković M, Vučićević M et al. (2021) Evaluation of the effects of two anaesthetic protocols on oxidative status and DNA damage in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) undergoing endoscopic coeliotomy. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 68(4), 337–344
  13. Emmel ES, Rivera S, Cabrera F, Blake S and Deem SL (2021) Field anesthesia and gonadal morphology of immature Western Santa Cruz tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 51(4), 848–855
  14. Hansen LL and Bertelsen MF (2013) Assessment of the effects of intramuscular administration of alfaxalone with and without medetomidine in Horsfield tortoises (Agrionemys horsfieldii). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 40(6), 68–75
  15. Nara T, Kondoh D and Yanagawa M (2020) Comparison of anesthetic protocols indicates Japanese grass lizards (Takydromus tachydromoides) are insensitive to medetomidine. Research Bulletin of Obihiro University 41, 1–5
  16. Sleeman JM and Gaynor J (2000) Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole in Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizil). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31(1), 28–35
  17. Lafortune M, Mitchell MA and Smith JA (2001) Evaluation of medetomidine, clove oil and propofol for anesthesia of leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 11(4), 13–18
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  18. Stetter MD (2001) Fish and amphibian anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 4(1), 69–82
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  19. Vergneau-Grosset C and Benedetti ICC (2022) Fish sedation and anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 25(1), 13–29
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  20. Williams TD, Christiansen J and Nygren S (1993) A comparison of intramuscular anesthetics in teleosts and elasmobranchs. Proceedings of the International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine annual conference
  21. Williams TD, Rollins M and Block BA (2004) Intramuscular anesthesia of bonito and Pacific mackerel with ketamine and medetomidine and reversal of anesthesia with atipamezole. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225(3), 417–421
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