1887

Morphine

This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members can join BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition.
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  1. Adami C, d’Ovidio D and Casoni D (2016) Alfaxalone–butorphanol versus alfaxalone–morphine combination for immersion anaesthesia in oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis). Laboratory animals  50(3), 204–211
  2. Antończyk A, Liszka B, Skrzypczak P and Kiełbowicz Z (2019) Comparison of analgesia provided by lidocaine or morphine delivered epidurally in rabbits undergoing hindlimb orthopedic surgery. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences  22(1),31-35
  3. Chatigny F, Creighton CM and Stevens ED (2018) Updated review of fish analgesia. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 57(1), 5–12
  4. Fink DM, Ferreira TH, Mans C. (2021) Neuraxial administration of morphine combined with lidocaine induces regional antinociception in inland bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps ). American Journal of Veterinary Research.83(3),83(3),212-217
  5. Greenacre CB ,Massi K andSchumacher J (2008)Comparative anti-nociception of various opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications versus saline in the Bearded dragon ( Pogona Vitticeps ) using electrostimulation. Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians , pp.8788
  6. Greenacre CB ,Takle G ,Schmacher JP et al. (2006)Comparative anti-nociception of morphine, butorphanol and buprenorphine versus saline in the Green iguana ( Iguana Iguana ) using electrostimulation. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 16,8892
  7. Katzenbach JE, Wittenburg LA, Allweiler SI , Gustafson DL and Johnston MS (2018) Pharmacokinetics of single-dose buprenorphine, butorphanol, and hydromorphone in the domestic ferret ( Mustela putorius furo ). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine   27(2) , 95-102
  8. Sladky KK, Kinney ME, Johnson SM (2008) Analgesic efficacy of butorphanol and morphine in bearded dragons and corn snakes. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.233,233,267-273  
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    a
  1. Sladky KK ,Horne WA ,Goodrowe KL  et al.  (2000)Evaluation of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo ). Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 39( 6 ),3338
  2. b
  3. Sladky KK ,Miletic V ,Paul-Murphy et al.  (2007)Analgesic efficacy and respiratory effects of butorphanol and morphine in turtles. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 230( 9 ),13561362
  4. c Leal WP, Carregaro AB, Bressan TF  et al.  (2017) Antinociceptive efficacy of intramuscular administration of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in tegus ( Salvator merianae ). American Journal of Veterinary Research  78(9), 1019–1024
  5. d
  6. Coble DJ ,Taylor DK andMook DM (2011)Analgesic effects of meloxicam, morphine sulphate, flunixin meglumine and xylazine hydrochloride in African clawed frogs ( Xenopus laevis ). Journal of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science 50( 3 ),355360
  7. e Baker TR, Baker BB, Johnson SM and Sladky KK (2013) Comparative analgesic efficacy of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in koi ( Cyprinus carpio ) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243(6), 882–890
  8. f Newby NC, Wilkie MP and Stevens ED (2009) Morphine uptake, disposition, and analgesic efficacy in the common goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). Canadian Journal of Zoology 87(5), 388–399
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