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  3. Propofol
Propofol
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Propofol

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This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members can join BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition.
  1. Allweiler S, Leach MC and Flecknell PA (2010) The use of propofol and sevoflurane for surgical anaesthesia in New Zealand White rabbits. Laboratory Animals 44(2), 113–117
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  2. Baumgartner C, Bollerhey M, Henke J, Wagner S, Ungerer M and Erhardt W (2008) Effects of propofol on ultrasonic indicators of haemodynamic function in rabbits. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 35(2), 100–112
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  3. Cantwell SL (2001) Ferret, rabbit, and rodent anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North america: Exotic Animal Practice 4(1), 169–191
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  4. Gil AG, Silván G, Villa A and Illera JC (2012) Heart and respiratory rates and adrenal response to propofol or alfaxalone in rabbits. Veterinary Record 170(17), 444
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  5. Glen JB (1980) Animal studies of the anaesthetic activity of ICI 35 868. British Journal of Anaesthesia 52, 731–741
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  6. Sainsbury AW, Eaton BD and Cooper JE (1991) An investigation into the use of propofol in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 18, 38–41
  7. Langlois I, Harvey RC, Jones MP and Schumacher J (2003) Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of isoflurane and propofol in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 17(1), 4–10
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  8. Mama KR, Phillips L and Pascoe PJ (1996) Use of propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in a barn owl (Tyto alba) undergoing tracheal resection. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27(3), 397–401
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  9. Müller K, Holzapfel J and Brunnberg L (2011) Total intravenous anaesthesia by boluses or by continuous rate infusion of propofol in mute swans (Cygnus olor). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 38(4), 286–291
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  10. Santos EA, Monteiro ER, Herrera JR et al. (2020) Total intravenous anesthesia in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) with propofol alone or in combination with methadone, nalbuphine or fentanyl for ulna osteotomy. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 47(3), 347–355
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  11. Anderson NL, Wack RF, Calloway L, Hetherington TE and Williams JB (1999) Cardiopulmonary effects and efficacy of propofil as an anaesthetic agent in brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis). Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 9(2), 9–15
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  12. Bel LV, Selleri P, Turcu CM, Cerbu C, Matei IA, Masi M and Melega I (2024) Comparison of two intravenous propofol doses after jugular administration for short non-surgical procedures in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). Animals 14(13), 1847
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  13. Bennett RA (1998) Reptile anesthesia. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 7(1), 30–40
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  14. Bennett RA, Schumacher J, Hedjazi-Haring K and Newell SM (1998) Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of propofol administered intraosseously to green iguanas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212(1), 93–98
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  15. Bertelsen MF, Buchanan R, Jensen HM, Leite CA, Abe AS and Wang T (2021) Pharmacodynamics of propofol and alfaxalone in rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 256, 110935
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  16. Giuseppe MD, Faraci L and Luparello M (2018) Preliminary survey on influence of renal portal system during propofol anesthesia in yellow-bellied turtle (Trachemys scripta scripta), Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Allied Science 2(1), 3
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  17. Kristensen L, Zardo JQ, Hansen SM et al. (2023) Effect of atropine and propofol on the minimum anaesthetic concentration of isoflurane in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta (yellow-bellied slider). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 50(2), 180–187
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  18. McFadden MS, Bennett RA, Reavill DR, Ragetly GR and Clark-Price SC (2011) Clinical and histologic effects of intracardiac administration of propofol for induction of anesthesia in ball pythons (Python regius). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 239(6), 803–807
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  19. Perrin KL and Bertelsen MF (2017) Intravenous alfaxalone and propofol anesthesia in the bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 27(3), 123–126
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  20. Turner RC, Gatson BJ, Hernandez JA et al (2021) Sedation and anesthesia of Galapagos (Chelonoidis nigra), Aldabra (Aldabrachelys gigantea), and African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata): A retrospective review (2009–2019). Animals 11(10), 2920
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  21. Ziolo MS and Bertelsen MF (2009) Effects of propofol administered via the supravertebral sinus in red-eared sliders. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 234(3), 390–393
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  22. Lafortune M, Mitchell MA and Smith JA (2001) Evaluation of medetomidine, clove oil and propofol for anesthesia of leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 11(4), 13–18
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  23. Mitchell MA, Riggs SM, Singleton CB, Diaz-Figueroa O and Hale LK (2009) Evaluating the clinical and cardiopulmonary effects of clove oil and propofol in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 18, 50–56
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  24. Thygesen MM, Rasmussen MM, Madsen JG, Pedersen M and Lauridsen H (2017) Propofol (2, 6‐diisopropylphenol) is an applicable immersion anesthetic in the axolotl with potential uses in hemodynamic and neurophysiological experiments. Regeneration, 4(3), 124–131
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  25. Williams CJ, Alstrup AK, Bertelsen MF, Jensen HM, Leite CA and Wang T (2018) Cardiovascular effects of alfaxalone and propofol in the bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49(1), 92–98
  26. Wojick KB, Langan JN and Mitchell MA (2010) Evaluation of MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) and propofol as anesthetic agents in Sonoran desert toads (Bufo alvarius). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 20(2–3), 79–83
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  27. Balko JA, Wilson SK, Lewbart GA, Gaines BR and Posner LP (2017) Propofol as an immersion anesthetic and in a minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) reduction model in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 48(1), 48–54
  28. Gholipour Kanani H and Ahadizadeh S (2013) Use of propofol as an anesthetic and its efficacy on some hematological values of ornamental fish Carassius auratus. SpringerPlus 2(1), 76
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  29. Oda A, Messenger KM, Carbajal L et al. (2018) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) following immersion in propofol. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 45(4), 529–538
  30. Oda A, Bailey KM, Lewbart GA, Griffith EH and Posner LP (2014) Physiologic and biochemical assessments of koi (Cyprinus carpio) following immersion in propofol. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 245(11), 1286–1291
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