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  3. Tramadol
Tramadol
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Tramadol

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This is a drug monograph from the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part B: Exotic Pets. BSAVA members should login for access to the full monograph. Non-members can join BSAVA, buy a Formulary subscription, or buy the printed edition.
  1. a Egger CM ,Souza MJ ,Greenacre CB ,Cox SK andRohrbach BW (2009)Effect of intravenous administration of tramadol hydrochloride on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in rabbits. American Journal of Veterinary Research 70( 8 ),945–949
  2. b Souza MJ ,Greenacre CB andCox SK (2008)Pharmacokinetics of orally administered tramadol in domestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). American Journal of Veterinary Research 69( 8 ),979–982
  3. c  Kelly KR, Pypendop BH and Christe KL (2015) Pharmacokinetics of tramadol following intravenous and oral administration in male rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta).  Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics  38, 375–382
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  4. d Geelen S ,Guzman DSM ,Souza MJ  et al.  (2013)Antinociceptive effects of tramadol hydrochloride after intravenous administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ). American Journal of Veterinary Research 74( 2 ),201–206
  5. e Souza MJ ,Gerhardt L andCox S (2013)Pharmacokinetics of repeated oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ). Americal Journal of Veterinary Research 74( 7 ),957–962
  6. f Baker BB ,Sladky KK andJohnson SM (2011)Evaluation of the analgesic effects of oral and subcutaneous tramadol administration in red-eared slider turtles. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 238( 2 ),220–227
  7. Chen, J. C., Yu, P. H., Liu, C. H. and Chi, C. H. (2018) Paracloacal gland carcinoma in a sugar glider ( Petaurus breviceps ).  Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine , 27(1),36-40
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  8. Greenacre CB ,Massi K andSchumacher J (2008)Comparative antinociception of various opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications versus saline in the bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps ) using electrostimulation. Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, 87–88
  9. Raisi, A., Norouzian, H., & Rostami, M. (2019). Influence of tramadol on anesthesia times, analgesia and electrocardiogram associated with injection anesthesia in common buzzards ( Buteo buteo ).  Veterinary Research Forum  10(1), 51 
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  10. Souza MJ ,Martin-Jimenez T ,Jones MP andCox SK (2009)Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral tramadol in the bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 23( 4 ),247–252
  11. Souza MJ, Martin-Jimenez T, Jones MP and Cox SK (2011) Pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol in red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ). Journal of veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics  34(1), 86–88
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