Canine consultations can be divided into two main groups: ‘Routine’ health checks of generally healthy dogs, and consultations for dogs with injuries, illness or undergoing an important procedure such as surgery. This chapter discusses pregnancy and pre-whelping health checks, post-parturition and neonatal health checks, pre-sale examination, puppy health checks, juvenile/adolescent health checks, routine health checks for adult dogs, routine health checks for senior dogs, end-of-life examinations, general clinical examination, vaccination and common parasites. Quick Reference Guide: Head-to-tail general examination.